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Tuesday, April 30, 2019

April 30, 2019

Excessive rainfall as damaging to corn yield as extreme heat, drought

Recent flooding in the Midwest has brought attention to the complex agricultural problems associated with too much rain. Data from the past three decades suggest that excessive rainfall can affect crop yield as much as excessive heat and drought. In a new study, an interdisciplinary team linked crop insurance, climate, soil and corn yield data from 1981 through 2016.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2PClVNj
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April 30, 2019

Sleep and exercise affect new moms differently than new dads

In a study looking at the daily lives of new parents, researchers found that getting more physical activity and sleep was linked with more personal well-being. However, fathers who slept more on average than other fathers reported lower overall well-being and less closeness with their partner and child. Additionally, on days when mothers exercised more than usual, there was a higher chance of an argument.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2J5mC0g
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April 30, 2019

Brain signaling proteins hit the road running

Surprisingly complex movements in an important neurotransmitter receptor may help explain the brain's unpredictable response to drugs, according to a new study. New research has revealed that the resting state of signaling proteins are much more dynamic than previously thought.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2IWSpBt
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April 30, 2019

Research decodes one way cancer survives treatment, proposes a way to prevent it

Cancer cells have various tricks up their metaphorical sleeves to survive in the face of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and other cancer treatments. Now researchers have decoded one of those tricks using cell lines and patient-derived cancer cells, and proposed a way to resensitize breast cancer cells to treatment.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2J7WTnR
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April 30, 2019

Pregnancy shifts the daily schedule forward

New research finds that women and mice both shift their daily schedules earlier by up to a few hours during the first third of their pregnancy. A new study shows how impending motherhood induces changes in daily timing of a mother which, when disrupted, may put a pregnancy at risk.

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April 30, 2019

Fox News Breaking News Alert

Fox News Breaking News Alert

Former Minneapolis police officer found guilty in 2017 death of unarmed woman shot after calling 911

04/30/19 3:20 PM
April 30, 2019

Making glass more clear

Researchers have developed an algorithm that makes it possible to design glassy materials with dynamic properties and predict their continually changing behaviors.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2GLdHhL
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April 30, 2019

Drug can reverse hyperactivity induced by parasitic infection

When rodents get infected by Toxoplasma gondii, the single-celled brain parasite that causes toxoplasmosis, they become hyperactive risk-takers. Researchers show for the first time that it's possible to reverse that behavioral change.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2V3WQ3I
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April 30, 2019

New 3D imaging and visualization technique provides detailed views of muscle architecture

In a new study, scientists in pathology and anatomical sciences have revealed a three-dimensional view of the skeletal muscles responsible for flight in a European starling. The study will form the basis of future research on the bird's wishbone, which is supported by these particular muscles and is hypothesized to bend during flight.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2Lg1pU1
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April 30, 2019

New 3D microscope visualizes fast biological processes better than ever

Researchers have combined their expertise to develop a new type of microscope. The revolutionary new light-field microscopy system makes it possible to study fast biological processes, creating up to 200 3D images per second. Initial tests have already delivered new insights into the movement of blood cells in a heart.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2GKK9Rt
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April 30, 2019

Peer-to-peer 'free trade' in excess energy

People who generate their own power through solar panels and wind turbines may soon be able to decide where to distribute their excess energy, rather than back to the national grid.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2vuTYO8
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April 30, 2019

Field study finds pellet-fed stoves cut air pollutant emissions 90%

A field study finds that a new cookstove design, which makes use of compressed wood pellets, reduces air pollution by about 90% for a range of contaminants associated with health problems and climate change. The findings stem from a Rwanda field study designed to test the performance of the stoves in real-world conditions.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2Wbh1JC
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April 30, 2019

Only some people get one health benefit from social support

Scientists have long known that the support of friends and family plays a key role in protecting people's physical health. But a new study suggests that the benefits don't go to people who may really need it -- those with low self-esteem.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2XVuDck
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April 30, 2019

Gender impacts brain activity in alcoholics, study finds

A new study finds that compared to alcoholic women, alcoholic men have more diminished brain activity in areas responsible for emotional processing, as well as memory and social processing among other functions.

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April 30, 2019

Milky Way star with strange chemistry is from dwarf galaxy

Astronomers have discovered a star in the Milky Way Galaxy with a chemical composition unlike any other star in our Galaxy. This chemical composition has been seen in a small number of stars in dwarf galaxies orbiting the Milky Way. This suggests that the star was part of a dwarf galaxy that merged into the Milky Way.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2WjguVW
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April 30, 2019

Watchful waiting reasonable for patients with diabetic macular edema and good vision

People with good vision despite having center-involved diabetic macular edema can safely forego immediate treatment of their eye condition as long as they are closely monitored, and treatment begins promptly if vision worsens, according to clinical trial results.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2Vwc0hH
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April 30, 2019

Darwin can help your doctor

Taking an evolutionary view can inspire new ideas in clinical microbiology. And looking at microbial communities, rather than just the pathogenic micro-organisms, can also lead to new insights. That is why clinicians, bioinformaticians analyzing pathogens and evolutionary biologists should all work together. These are the conclusions of a diverse group of scientists.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2vvjFy8
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April 30, 2019

Nanomaterials mimicking natural enzymes with superior catalytic activity and selectivity

A research team doped nitrogen and boron into graphene to selectively increase peroxidase-like activity and succeeded in synthesizing a peroxidase-mimicking nanozyme with a low cost and superior catalytic activity. These nanomaterials can be applied for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2PC9n8C
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April 30, 2019

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder prevalence is very high in susceptible groups worldwide

A major new review of the world literature has found that fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is 10 to 40 times higher in certain susceptible groups than the general population. These groups include children in care, people in correctional services or special education services, Aboriginal populations, and people using specialized clinical services.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2vsnXWL
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April 30, 2019

Twelve-year follow-up after peptide receptor radionuclide therapy

A 12-year retrospective clinical study of patients who received peptide receptor radionuclide therapy for malignant neuroendocrine tumors demonstrates the long-term effectiveness of this treatment, which also allows patients to maintain a high quality of life.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2UTsWKl
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April 30, 2019

Tracking small things in cells

Living cells can react to disturbances with a changed metabolism, but direct observation of trafficking metabolites in live cells is difficult. An international team of scientists has now developed a class of remarkably small fluorophores called SCOTfluors. The dyes emit light in the visible to near-infrared range and can be attached to common metabolites.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2ZIsUZv
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April 30, 2019

Keeping fit is more than physical: It's a state of mind

According to a new study differences in what motivates individuals and how they self-regulate behavior influence how they keep fit. The study associates personal characteristics with whether people are likely to prefer solo or group exercise activities, CrossFit® training, resistance training, or team sports, how frequently they work out, and if they are likely to stick to their routine.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2GORwXM
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April 30, 2019

Human ancestors were 'grounded:' New analysis shows

African apes adapted to living on the ground, a finding that indicates human evolved from an ancestor not limited to tree or other elevated habitats. The analysis adds a new chapter to evolution, shedding additional light on what preceded human bipedalism.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2Wek0AR
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April 30, 2019

Antibiotics may treat endometriosis

Researchers have found that treating mice with an antibiotic reduces the size of lesions caused by endometriosis. The researchers are planning a clinical trial to test the strategy in women who have the painful condition.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2XPxeVc
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April 30, 2019

Chatterbox parents may boost tots' intelligence

A major new study has identified a link between kids who hear high quantities of adult speech and better nonverbal abilities such as reasoning, numeracy and shape awareness.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2VGkjHw
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April 30, 2019

The space rock that hit the moon at 61,000 kilometers an hour

Observers watching January's total eclipse of the Moon saw a rare event, a short-lived flash as a meteorite hit the lunar surface. Astronomers now think the space rock collided with the moon at 61,000 kilometers an hour, excavating a crater 10 to 15 meters across.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2XWq41y
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April 30, 2019

Possible link between autism and antidepressants use during pregnancy

An international team has found a potential link between autistic-like behavior in adult mice and exposure to a common antidepressant in the womb. They also identified a treatment that helped improve memory loss and social interactions, according to the new study.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2VBbqiA
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April 30, 2019

'Seeing the light' behind radiation therapy

Delivering just the right dose of radiation for cancer patients is a delicate balance in their treatment regime. However, in a new study, researchers have developed a system they say may improve the ability to maximize radiation doses to cancer tissues while minimizing exposure to healthy ones.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2vsWu7x
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April 30, 2019

US cities host more regionally unique species than previously thought

To better understand whether rapidly growing cities are hosting the same species, a team analyzed an immense volume of data gathered by citizen scientists during the four-day global City Nature Challenge. Study findings suggest that despite similarities across cities, urban biodiversity still strongly reflects the species that are native to a region. However, observations of shared ''cosmopolitan'' species like pigeons, white-tailed deer, and dandelions were more numerous than locally occurring species.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2UPrUiD
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Monday, April 29, 2019

April 29, 2019

Caffeine prevents PGE1-induced disturbances in respiratory neural control

Researchers propose PGE exerts adenosine-mediated effects on brainstem mechanisms of respiratory control, which may lead to destabilization of breathing in human infants undergoing treatment for congenital heart disease. Prostaglandin's effects could be mediated thorough microglia, and caffeine could be a convenient treatment to prevent respiratory instability in infants receiving PGE1 infusion.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2vuVijU
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April 29, 2019

'Right' cover-crop mix good for both Chesapeake and bottom lines

Planting and growing a strategic mix of cover crops not only reduces the loss of nitrogen from farm fields, protecting water quality in the Chesapeake Bay, but the practice also contributes nitrogen to subsequent cash crops, improving yields, according to researchers.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2ZGFJDD
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April 29, 2019

New polymer films conduct heat instead of trapping it

Engineers have flipped the picture of the standard polymer insulator, by fabricating thin polymer films that conduct heat -- an ability normally associated with metals. In experiments, they found the films, which are thinner than plastic wrap, conduct heat better than many metals, including steel and ceramic.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2W9ot7U
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April 29, 2019

Brain area tied to emotions is larger in vets, service members with mild TBI and PTSD

A new study finds that veterans and active-duty service members with combat-related PTSD and mild traumatic brain injury had larger amygdalas -- the region of the brain that processes such emotions as fear, anxiety, and aggression -- than those with only brain injuries.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2ZJREk7
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April 29, 2019

Fecal transplants may be best answer to antibiotic-resistant bacteria

Unlike antibiotics, which are destructive by definition, fecal transplants or microbial replacement therapies, repopulate the gut with a diverse group of microbes that may block the C. diff's spore from germinating and propagating disease via its toxins. Transplants have several delivery methods, including enemas, capsules and direct instillation, to replace the diverse flora that maintain health and improve metabolism.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2IPnXZA
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April 29, 2019

What a dying star's ashes tell us about the birth of our solar system

Researchers discovered a dust grain forged in a stellar explosion before our solar system was born. Atom-level analysis of the specimen reveals new insights about how stars end their lives and seed the universe with the building blocks of new stars and planets.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2XTEWO4
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April 29, 2019

Ice feature on Saturn's giant moon, TItan

Research team finds huge ice feature on Titan while trying to understand where Saturn's largest moon gets all of its methane. This research, which used Principal Components Analysis in an unconventional way, also validated results from previous Titan missions.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2GRB22k
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April 29, 2019

New view on the mechanisms of how the brain works

After a series of studies, researchers have shown that not only one part, but most parts of the brain can be involved in processing the signals that arise from touch. The results open the way for a new approach to how the brain's network of neurons processes information, and thereby the mechanisms by which the brain works.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2V1QYrE
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April 29, 2019

Water creates traps in organic electronics

Poor-quality organic semiconductors can become high-quality semiconductors when manufactured in the correct way. Researchers have now shown that the motion of charges in organic electronic devices is dramatically slowed down by minute amounts of water.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2Vv7foz
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April 29, 2019

Partitioning of porous materials

Gases and pollutants can be filtered from air and liquids by means of porous, crystalline materials, such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). To further partition these pores and enhance their sorption capacity, a team of scientists have developed a fast and versatile two-in-one synthetic strategy, combining metal coordination with the covalent chemistry of light elements. The new pore-space-partitioned material could be used as a highly efficient adsorbent of ammonia.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2Le42Wz
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April 29, 2019

Morning exercise can improve decision-making across the day in older adults

A study of older Australians has found a morning bout of moderate-intensity exercise improves cognitive performance like decision-making across the day compared to prolonged sitting without exercise. It also shows that a morning bout of exercise combined with brief walking breaks to frequently disrupt sitting throughout an eight-hour day can boost short-term memory compared to uninterrupted sitting, according to the study.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2V49XSh
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April 29, 2019

Biomarker for chronic fatigue syndrome

Researchers have created a blood test that can flag chronic fatigue syndrome, which currently lacks a standard, reliable diagnostic test.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2GIlYmx
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April 29, 2019

Plant cells eat their own ... membranes and oil droplets

Biochemists have discovered two ways that autophagy, or self-eating, controls the levels of oils in plant cells. The study describes how this cannibalistic-sounding process actually helps plants survive, and suggests a way to get bioenergy crops to accumulate more oil.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2LcdQAi
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April 29, 2019

US 1 of 8 nations where child and adolescent health improved but maternal mortality worsened

The United States is one of only eight countries in the world where decreases in child and adolescent mortality over a 27-year period haven't also been matched by reductions in maternal mortality, according to a new scientific study. This divergent trend also was found in American Samoa, Canada, Greece, Guam, Jamaica, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, and Zimbabwe. Of these countries, the United States had the largest increase in maternal mortality rate at 67.5%.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2vrjQKL
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April 29, 2019

Inhaled hydrogen could protect the brain during heart-lung bypass

Newborns with life-threatening congenital heart disease often need open-heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, which carries a risk of damaging the brain. Critically ill newborns who are placed on ECMO are at even higher risk for brain injury. A new study, performed in a large animal model, suggests that adding a dash of hydrogen to the usual mix of respiratory gases could further protect babies' brains. The researchers are now planning a small safety trial.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2L8u9Oj
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April 29, 2019

US 1 of 8 nations where child and adolescent health improved but maternal mortality worsened

The United States is one of only eight countries in the world where decreases in child and adolescent mortality over a 27-year period haven't also been matched by reductions in maternal mortality, according to a new scientific study. This divergent trend also was found in American Samoa, Canada, Greece, Guam, Jamaica, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, and Zimbabwe. Of these countries, the United States had the largest increase in maternal mortality rate at 67.5%.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2vrjQKL
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April 29, 2019

Inhaled hydrogen could protect the brain during heart-lung bypass

Newborns with life-threatening congenital heart disease often need open-heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, which carries a risk of damaging the brain. Critically ill newborns who are placed on ECMO are at even higher risk for brain injury. A new study, performed in a large animal model, suggests that adding a dash of hydrogen to the usual mix of respiratory gases could further protect babies' brains. The researchers are now planning a small safety trial.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2L8u9Oj
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April 29, 2019

For low-income countries, climate action pays off by 2050

A new study shows that beyond the benefits of reduced extreme weather in the long term, global mitigation efforts would also lower oil prices in coming decades, resulting in a significant economic boon for most poorer countries.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2WcIjz7
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April 29, 2019

Susceptibility to disease develops during childhood

Traumatized children and children who develop multiple allergies tend to suffer in adulthood from chronic inflammatory diseases and psychiatric disorders. Researchers have demonstrated this in a study in which they identified five classes of early immune-system programming.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2Win7YM
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April 29, 2019

Astronomers discover 2,000-year-old remnant of a nova

Researchers have discovered the remains of a nova in a galactic globular cluster, located near the center of Messier 22. The finding, using modern instruments, confirms one of the oldest observations of an event outside the solar system.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2GRGRx2
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April 29, 2019

New charge transfer and separation process

Scientists have discovered a new charge transfer and separation process named Twisted Intramolecular Charge Shuttle (TICS), paving a new avenue for chemists to construct unique and useful fluorescent probes in a wide range of chemical families of fluorophores.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2GOTLe2
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April 29, 2019

How the olfactory brain affects memory

How sensory perception in the brain affects learning and memory processes is far from fully understood. Neuroscientists have discovered a new aspect of how the processing of odors impacts memory centers. They showed that the piriform cortex -- a part of the olfactory brain -- has a direct influence on information storage in our most important memory structure, the hippocampus.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2V0tG5o
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April 29, 2019

Consumption of caffeinated energy drinks rises in the United States

According to a new study, energy drink consumption in the United States has increased substantially over the past decade among adolescents, young adults, and middle-aged adults. Energy drink consumers had significantly higher total caffeine intake compared with non-consumers and the beverages represented a majority of their total daily caffeine. Use by young adults continues to steadily rise.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2V1xfIG
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April 29, 2019

The last chance for Madagascar's biodiversity

Scientists have recommended actions the government of Madagascar's recently elected president, Andry Rajoelina should take to turn around the precipitous decline of biodiversity and help put Madagascar on a trajectory towards sustainable growth. Madagascar's protected areas, some of the most important for biodiversity in the world, have suffered terribly in recent years from illegal mining, logging, and collection of threatened species for the pet trade.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2DE1pqN
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April 29, 2019

Record solar hydrogen production with concentrated sunlight

Researchers have created a smart device capable of producing large amounts of clean hydrogen. By concentrating sunlight, their device uses a smaller amount of the rare, costly materials that are required to produce hydrogen, yet it still maintains a high solar-to-fuel efficiency. Their research has been taken to the next scale with a pilot facility installed on the EPFL campus.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2IOvGHE
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April 29, 2019

Mycobateria: Simple Solution to Complex Problem

A team has for the first time identified a transport protein in mycobacteria which is responsible for the uptake of the nutrient L-arabinofuranose. The scientists used a novel approach which could simplify the identification of transport proteins in mycobacteria in the future. This class of proteins could play a key role in the development of new types of medications to tackle mycobacteria and treat diseases like tuberculosis in humans.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2J2GtNA
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April 29, 2019

Filaments and fibers three times finer than a human hair

Experts have discovered that there is a moment at which a polymer in liquid state -- specifically one that has been worked from polyethylene glycol, which is widely used in industry -- shows greater elasticity that, instead of breaking up and forming drops, the liquid experiences a stretching which causes filaments to be formed.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2vrG8vN
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April 29, 2019

Spinning black hole sprays light-speed plasma clouds into space

Astronomers have discovered rapidly swinging jets coming from a black hole almost 8,000 light-years from Earth. The research shows jets from V404 Cygni's black hole behaving in a way never seen before on such short timescales. The jets appear to be rapidly rotating with high-speed clouds of plasma -- potentially just minutes apart -- shooting out of the black hole in different directions.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2PyzwFl
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April 29, 2019

Inorganic perovskite absorbers for use in thin-film solar cells

A team has succeeded in producing inorganic perovskite thin films at moderate temperatures using co-evaporation - making post-tempering at high temperatures unnecessary. The process makes it much easier to produce thin-film solar cells from this material. In comparison to metal-organic hybrid perovskites, inorganic perovskites are more thermally stable.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2ZFZs6p
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April 29, 2019

Wax helps plants to survive in the desert

The leaves of date palms can heat up to temperatures around 50 degrees Celsius. They survive thanks to a unique wax mixture that is essential for the existence in the desert.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2ZIetET
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April 29, 2019

Finding antibiotic-effect in molecules quickly

Scientists have developed a method with which they can quickly test a very large number of molecules for antibiotic effect. With it, they have already successfully discovered new antibiotic candidates produced by microorganisms. In the future, they will use their new technology to examine soil samples and the microbiome on human skin for medically useful microorganisms.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2GGOeWO
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April 29, 2019

Unmanned aircraft delivered kidney for transplant

In a first-ever advancement in human medicine and aviation technology, an unmanned aircraft has delivered a donor kidney to surgeons for successful transplantation into a patient with kidney failure.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2GMaONJ
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April 29, 2019

Placental function linked to brain injuries associated with autism

Allopregnanolone, a hormone made by the placenta late in pregnancy, is such a potent neurosteroid that disrupting its steady supply to the developing fetus can leave it vulnerable to brain injuries associated with autism spectrum disorder, according to new research.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2GFy93w
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April 29, 2019

Squid skin inspires creation of next-generation space blanket

Drawing design inspiration from the skin of stealthy sea creatures, engineers have developed a next-generation, adaptive space blanket that gives users the ability to control their temperature. The innovation is detailed in a study published today in Nature Communications.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2VF6Ekk
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April 29, 2019

Decoupled graphene thanks to potassium bromide

The use of potassium bromide in the production of graphene on a copper surface can lead to better results. When potassium bromide molecules arrange themselves between graphene and copper, it results in electronic decoupling. This alters the electrical properties of the graphene produced, bringing them closer to pure graphene.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2Lc8Hs1
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April 29, 2019

Education may be key to a healthier, wealthier US

A first-of-its-kind study estimate the economic value of education for better health and longevity. The new study finds that the reduced disability and longer lives among the more educated are worth up to twice as much as the value of education for lifetime earnings.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2UJ9hwR
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April 29, 2019

Novel method to produce purer, safer drugs

Physics and Chemistry scholars have invented a new method which could speed up the drug discovery process and lead to the production of higher quality medicinal drugs which are purer and have no side effects. The technique, which is a world-first breakthrough, uses a specific nanomaterial layer to detect the target molecules in pharmaceuticals and pesticides in just five minutes.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2ZKNY1q
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April 29, 2019

Gene variant linked to sleep problems in autism

Researchers have found that sleep problems in patients with autism spectrum disorder may be linked to a mutation in the gene SHANK3 that in turn regulates the genes of the body's 24-hour day and night cycle. Their study showed that people who were missing the SHANK3 gene and mice that lacked part of the gene had difficulty falling asleep.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2GLC52y
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April 29, 2019

Graphene sponge helps lithium sulphur batteries reach new potential

To meet the demands of an electric future, new battery technologies will be essential. One option is lithium sulfur batteries, which offer a theoretical energy density more than five times that of lithium ion batteries. Researchers recently unveiled a promising breakthrough for this type of battery, using a catholyte with the help of a graphene sponge.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2PApLGr
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Sunday, April 28, 2019

April 28, 2019

Weight-loss surgery and risk of pregnancy and birth complications

Women who have undergone weight-loss surgery appear to be at higher risk of developing complications during pregnancy, and their babies seem more likely to be born prematurely, small for gestational age, have congenital anomalies and be admitted to intensive care, according to the most comprehensive assessment of how bariatric surgery affects pregnancy outcomes.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2XXwWM9
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April 28, 2019

Early lipids boost brain growth for vulnerable micro-preemies

Dietary lipids, already an important source of energy for tiny preemies, also provide a much-needed brain boost by significantly increasing global brain volume as well as increasing volume in regions involved in motor activities and memory.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2Pyo64l
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April 28, 2019

Mapping industrial 'hum' in the US

Using a dense sensor network that scanned the United States between 2003 and 2014, researchers have identified areas within the country marked by a persistent seismic signal caused by industrial processes.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2WaIE5j
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Saturday, April 27, 2019

Friday, April 26, 2019

April 26, 2019

No safe amount of alcohol during pregnancy, suggest researchers

An international group of researchers has taken one of the first major steps in finding the biological changes in the brain that drive fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. New work using chaos theory to analyze brain signals shows the long-term effects. Researchers found that teenagers who were exposed to alcohol while in the womb showed altered brain connections that were consistent with impaired cognitive performance.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2VwZsX6
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April 26, 2019

Lionfish genes studied for clues to invasive prowess

What makes the red lionfish (Pterois volitans) such a successful and powerful invader in Atlantic Ocean waters compared to its rather lamb-like existence in its native Pacific Ocean? A new study sorts it out.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2J49vMZ
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April 26, 2019

A spoonful of peppermint helps the meal go down

When treated with peppermint oil, 63 percent of patients with disorders of the esophagus that cause difficulty swallowing and non-cardiac chest pain reported feeling much or slightly better, report researchers. Eighty-three percent of patients with spastic disorders of the esophagus reported feeling better. Peppermint is an attractive first-line treatment because it has few side effects and can be taken as needed by patients.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2PvLpM8
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April 26, 2019

Nanoparticles take a fantastic, magnetic voyage

Engineers have designed tiny robots that can help drug-delivery nanoparticles push their way out of the bloodstream and into a tumor or another disease site. The magnetic microrobots could help to overcome one of the biggest obstacles to delivering drugs with nanoparticles: getting them to exit blood vessels and accumulate in the right place.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2Pzm8Rq
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April 26, 2019

A personality test for ads

People leave digital footprints online, and this information could helps marketers personalize ads based on individual personality types.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily http://bit.ly/2UDawxz
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April 26, 2019

New fallout from 'the collision that changed the world'

When India slammed into Asia, the collision changed the configuration of the continents, the landscape, global climate and more. Now scientists have identified one more effect: the oxygen in the world's oceans increased, altering the conditions for life. They created an unprecedented nitrogen record destined to become one of the fundamental datasets for biogeochemical history of Earth.

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April 26, 2019

Hubble snaps a crowded cluster

This sparkling burst of stars is Messier 75. It is a globular cluster: a spherical collection of stars bound together by gravity. Clusters like this orbit around galaxies and typically reside in their outer and less-crowded areas, gathering to form dense communities in the galactic suburbs.

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April 26, 2019

Flexible circuits for 3D printing

A research cooperation has developed a process suitable for 3D printing that can be used to produce transparent and mechanically flexible electronic circuits. The technique can enable new applications such as printable light-emitting diodes, solar cells or tools with integrated circuits, as the scientists report in the journal Scientific Reports. The researchers are demonstrating the potential of their process with a flexible capacitor, among other things.

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April 26, 2019

Screening for genes to improve protein production in yeast

By silencing genes, researchers have managed to increase protein production in yeast significantly. This method can lay the grounds for engineering better yeast production hosts for industries producing biopharmaceutical proteins and industrial enzymes.

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April 26, 2019

AI-generated profiles? Airbnb users prefer a human touch

With so much at stake, should Airbnb hosts rely on an algorithm to write their profiles for them? That depends, according to new research. If everyone uses algorithmically generated profiles, users trust them. However, if only some hosts choose to delegate writing responsibilities to artificial intelligence, they are likely to be distrusted.

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April 26, 2019

What does the future of Kilauea hold?

Ever since Hawaii's Kilauea stopped erupting in August 2018, ceasing activity for the first time in 35 years, scientists have been wondering about the volcano's future. Its similarities to the Hawaiian seamount Lo`ihi might provide some answers.

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April 26, 2019

Gestational diabetes in India and Sweden

Indian women are younger and leaner than Swedish women when they develop gestational diabetes, a new study shows. The researchers also found a gene that increases the risk of gestational diabetes in Swedish women, but which, on the contrary, turned out to have a protective effect in Indian women.

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April 26, 2019

Red-neck phalarope: A migratory divide towards the Pacific Ocean and Arabian Sea

When winter comes, populations of red-neck phalarope from the Western Palearctic migrate to two different destinations -- the Pacific Ocean or the Arabian Sea -- following an exceptional migratory divide strategy which has never been described in this geographical area.

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April 26, 2019

Improving the lifetime of bioelectrodes for solar energy conversion

The use of proteins involved in the photosynthetic process enables the development of affordable and efficient devices for energy conversion. However, although proteins such as photosystem I are robust in nature, the use of isolated protein complexes incorporated in semi-artificial electrodes is associated with a considerably short long-term stability. Thus, technological application is still limited. Researchers showed that careful operation of the photosystem-based bioelectrode under the exclusion of oxygen is the key for achieving high stability.

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April 26, 2019

Key to targeting dormant cancer cells

Researchers have identified what keeps some cancer cells dormant -- a finding which could uncover new approaches to preventing the spread of cancer.

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April 26, 2019

Pericytes may improve muscle recovery

Extended periods of limb immobilization -- whether from long-term bed rest, casting, spaceflight, or other circumstances -- can reduce skeletal muscle mass and strength to the extent that recovery is delayed or never achieved. The biological basis for this lack of recovery, however, remains unclear. An animal study provides the first evidence that pericytes (cells integral to blood vessel formation) are important for regulating muscle mass, particularly in the context of recovery following disuse atrophy.

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April 26, 2019

Dengue research in the Philippines evolving over time

Communicable diseases including dengue continue to be major causes of morbidity and mortality in the Philippines. Now, researchers have reviewed 60 years of published literature on dengue in the country to identify trends in previous studies and areas where more research is needed.

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April 26, 2019

Scientists unlock new role for nervous system in regeneration

Biologists have developed a computational model of flatworm regeneration to answer an important question in regeneration research - what are the signals that determine the rebuilding of specific anatomical structures? The model confirms experiments showing how numerous factors determine body pattern formation, and the critical role nerve fibers play in determining polarity in regeneration. The model could help understand regeneration in mammals, birth defects, and bioengineering of organoids.

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April 26, 2019

Natural landscapes? Scientists call for a paradigm shift in restoration projects

Regardless of whether we are dealing with a floodplain landscape or an entire national park, the success of a restoration project depends on more than just the reintroduction of individual plant or animal species into an area. An international team of researchers reveals it is more a matter of helping the damaged ecosystem to regenerate and sustain itself.

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April 26, 2019

UMBC program to support diverse students in STEM successfully replicated at PSU, UNC

Five years ago, Pennsylvania State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill launched replications of UMBC's Meyerhoff Scholars Program, which over the last 30 years has earned national recognition for its strength in supporting diverse students in STEM. The positive results at PSU and UNC demonstrate that likely any institution committed to Meyerhoff principles can reproduce the program's results, and hopefully encourage other colleges and universities to partner with UMBC to launch similar initiatives.

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April 26, 2019

Filling in the gaps of connected car data helps transportation planners

An engineer has created a method to fill in the gaps of available connected vehicle data, which will give transportation planners a more accurate picture of traffic in their cities. It is also a more cost-effective data gathering system than what is currently available.

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April 26, 2019

Surprising quantum effect in hard disk drive material

Scientists have further explored a new effect that enhances their ability to control the direction of electron spin in certain materials. Their discovery may lead to more powerful and energy-efficient materials for information storage.

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April 26, 2019

Creativity is not just for the young, study finds

If you believe that great scientists are most creative when they're young, you are missing part of the story. A new study of winners of the Nobel Prize in economics finds that there are two different life cycles of creativity, one that hits some people early in their career and another that more often strikes later in life.

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April 26, 2019

Lung cancer under-recognized in people who have never smoked

Lung cancer in people who have never smoked is more common than most people think, and on the rise. Historically strong, and correct, messaging on smoking and lung cancer has inadvertently contributed to lung cancer receiving much less attention than breast, prostate and ovarian cancers. Increasing awareness could help lead to earlier diagnosis, reduce the blame culture around lung cancer and re-balance research funding.

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Thursday, April 25, 2019

April 25, 2019

Preventing collapse after catastrophe

As the impacts of climate change escalate, ecosystems will likely undergo events that will disrupt entire populations. In marine ecosystems, anthropogenic warming has subjected organisms to elevated temperatures, oxygen loss, and acidification. The increased frequency and severity of catastrophic events may inhibit a population's ability to recover and, in turn, may spur collapse.

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April 25, 2019

Maximizing conservation benefits

Overexploitation and population collapse pose significant threats to marine fish stocks across the globe. While certain fish populations have already collapsed, research indicates that nearly one third of fisheries worldwide are currently impacted by overharvesting.

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April 25, 2019

How eating feeds into the body clock

A new study identifies insulin as a primary signal that helps communicate the timing of meals to the cellular clocks located across our body, commonly known as the body clock.

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April 25, 2019

What makes mosquitoes avoid DEET? An answer in their legs

Many of us slather ourselves in DEET each summer in hopes of avoiding mosquito bites, and it generally works rather well. Now, researchers have made the surprising discovery that part of the reason for DEET's success can be found in the mosquito's legs, not their biting mouthparts.

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April 25, 2019

Unprecedented insight into two-dimensional magnets using diamond quantum sensors

For the first time, physicists have succeeded in measuring the magnetic properties of atomically thin van der Waals materials on the nanoscale. They used diamond quantum sensors to determine the strength of the magnetization of individual atomic layers of the material chromium triiodide. In addition, they found a long-sought explanation for the unusual magnetic properties of the material.

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April 25, 2019

Diamonds reveal how continents are stabilized, key to Earth's habitability

The longevity of Earth's continents in the face of destructive tectonic activity is an essential geologic backdrop for the emergence of life on our planet. This stability depends on the underlying mantle attached to the landmasses. New research demonstrates that diamonds can be used to reveal how a buoyant section of mantle beneath some of the continents became thick enough to provide long-term stability.

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April 25, 2019

Bringing information into the cell

Researchers have elucidated an important part of a signal pathway that transmits information through the cell membrane into the interior of a cell. This signal pathway is of great significance for all mammals, since it is involved in various important vital processes such as the regulation of the heartbeat.

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April 25, 2019

Tech fixes can't protect us from disinformation campaigns

More than technological fixes are needed to stop countries from spreading disinformation on social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter, according to two experts. Policymakers and diplomats need to focus more on the psychology behind why citizens are so vulnerable to disinformation campaigns.

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April 25, 2019

Scientists discover what powers celestial phenomenon STEVE

The celestial phenomenon known as STEVE is likely caused by a combination of heating of charged particles in the atmosphere and energetic electrons like those that power the aurora, according to new research. In a new study, scientists found STEVE's source region in space and identified two mechanisms that cause it.

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April 25, 2019

Two birds, one stone: Drug combo may prove effective against second type of leukemia

Researchers tested to see if arsenic trioxide (ATO) was effective in combination with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in in both the mouse model of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and in human AML cells in the lab, and determined that the combination proved 'powerfully and exquisitely effective' against a subset of AML. The combo could serve as the foothold researchers need to overcome resistance to therapy -- a common challenge in treating AML.

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April 25, 2019

Mysterious eruption came from Campi Flegrei caldera

The caldera-forming eruption of Campi Flegrei (Italy) 40,000 years ago is the largest known eruption in Europe during the last 200,000 years, but little is known about other large eruptions at the volcano prior to a more recent caldera-forming event 15,000 years ago.

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April 25, 2019

Evidence of 6 new binary black hole mergers within LVC data

Scholars recently submitted an article announcing the discovery of six new binary black hole mergers, which exceed the detection thresholds defined by the LIGO-Virgo Collaboration. Applying a unique set of signal processing techniques the team, nearly doubled the total number of binary black hole mergers found within the data of LVC's second observing run (O2) from 7 to 13.

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April 25, 2019

Caffeine gives solar cells an energy boost

Scientists have discovered that caffeine can help make a promising alternative to traditional solar cells more efficient at converting light to electricity. Their research may enable this cost-effective renewable energy technology to compete on the market with silicon solar cells.

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April 25, 2019

Fishing for cures: New zebrafish model identifies drugs that kill pediatric cancer cells

A new immunodeficient zebrafish model investigators promises to be less expensive, easier to use and to improve personalized therapies for cancers and potentially other diseases. The ability of the model to visualize drug responses at single-cell resolution in live animals allowed the team to identify a promising new treatment for rhabdomyosarcoma.

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April 25, 2019

Sex and diet affect protein machineries

Scientists have discovered that the collection of proteins in an animal cell -- called the proteome -- is substantially affected by both the animal's sex and its diet. Understanding these individual proteomes might provide a basis for personalised treatments for humans in the future.

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April 25, 2019

Pole-to-pole study of ocean life identifies nearly 200,000 marine viruses

An international team has conducted the first-ever global survey of the ecological diversity of viruses in the oceans during expeditions aboard a single sailboat. They identified nearly 200,000 marine viral species, which vastly exceeds the 15,000 known from prior ocean surveys of these waters and the approximately 2,000 genomes available from cultured viruses of microbes. Their findings have implications for understanding issues ranging from evolution to climate change.

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April 25, 2019

The first laser radio transmitter

For the first time, researchers have used a laser as a radio transmitter and receiver, paving the way for towards ultra-high-speed Wi-Fi and new types of hybrid electronic-photonic devices.

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April 25, 2019

Gonorrhoea cases on the rise across Europe

Following a decline in notification rates in 2016, the number of gonorrhoea cases has gone up by 17% across the reporting EU/EEA countries with more than 89,000 confirmed diagnoses in 2017 -- equivalent to 240 cases a day.

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April 25, 2019

How cortisol affects exposure therapy for anxiety disorders

Psychologists have studied how the application of the stress hormone cortisol affects exposure therapy for anxiety disorders. The researchers knew from earlier studies that extinction learning, which constitutes the foundation of exposure therapy, can be reinforced by administering cortisol. However, the team has demonstrated with a group of arachnophobics that an application of cortisol after exposure is not beneficial for the patients.

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April 25, 2019

Unravelling the complexity of air pollution in the world's coldest capital city

A joint Mongol-Japanese research team conducted the first detailed study of organic air pollutants in Ulaanbaartar city. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contents of airborne particulates were determined, and indicated that the degree of air pollution varies markedly by district and season.

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April 25, 2019

Researchers trace 3,000 years of monsoons through shell fossils

The tiny shells at the bottom of Lake Nakaumi in southwest Japan may contain the secrets of the East Asia summer monsoon. This rainy season is fairly predictable, ushering in air and precipitation conducive to growing crops, but -- sometimes without any hint -- the pattern fails. Some areas of East Asia are left without rainfall, and their crops die. Other areas are inundated with rain, and their crops and homes flood.

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April 25, 2019

New lens system for brighter, sharper diffraction images

Researchers have developed a new and improved version of electron diffraction that offers advanced and unique experimental instrumentation for studying particle acceleration to researchers from all around the world.

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April 25, 2019

Using DNA templates to harness the sun's energy

As the world struggles to meet the increasing demand for energy, coupled with the rising levels of CO2 in the atmosphere from deforestation and the use of fossil fuels, photosynthesis in nature simply cannot keep up with the carbon cycle. But what if we could help the natural carbon cycle by learning from photosynthesis to generate our own sources of energy that didn't generate CO2?

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April 25, 2019

Engineers make injectable tissues a reality

A simple injection that can help regrow damaged tissue has long been the dream of physicians and patients alike. A new study moves that dream closer to reality with a device that makes encapsulating cells much faster, cheaper and more effective.

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April 25, 2019

Exercise activates memory neural networks in older adults

A new study of healthy older adults shows that just one session of exercise increased activation in the brain circuits associated with memory -- including the hippocampus -- which shrinks with age and is the brain region attacked first in Alzheimer's disease.

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April 25, 2019

Tracking charge carriers in the molecular crystal at organic pn junction

In conventional organic solar cells, the electrons exhibit their particle-nature and need to jump between organic molecules in the cell. The conductivity is, therefore, lower than that of crystalline silicon solar cells. Researchers have succeeded to arrange the organic molecules in highly ordered manner like in crystals and to invoke the wave-nature. 'Conductive bands' are formed by energy dispersive states and contribute to the high-carrier conductivity. It may improve the total efficiency of the cell.

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April 25, 2019

Left or right handed biomolecules

Many biomolecules come in two versions that are each other's mirror image, like a left and a right hand. Cells generally use the left-hand version of amino acids to produce proteins, and uptake mechanisms were thought to share this preference. Scientists have now shown that a prokaryotic transport protein can transport both versions of the amino acid aspartate with equal efficiency.

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April 25, 2019

An army of micro-robots can wipe out dental plaque

A swarm of micro-robots, directed by magnets, can break apart and remove dental biofilm, or plaque, from a tooth. The innovation arose from a cross-disciplinary partnership among dentists, biologists, and engineers.

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April 25, 2019

Trigger region found for absence epileptic seizures

Scientists have discovered a neurological origin for absence seizures -- a type of seizure characterized by very short periods of lost consciousness in which people appear to stare blankly at nothing. Using a mouse model of childhood epilepsy, a team showed that absence epilepsy can be triggered by impaired communication between two brain regions: the cortex and the striatum.

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April 25, 2019

Many stroke patients not screened for osteoporosis, despite known risks

Many stroke survivors have an increased risk of osteoporosis, falls or breaks when compared to healthy people. This study provides further evidence of the importance of identifying risk and initiating treatment to prevent bone loss and fractures in stroke survivors who are at increased risk of osteoporosis.

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April 25, 2019

Holy Pleistocene Batman, the answer's in the cave

Examining a 3-meter stack of bat feces has shed light on the landscape of the ancient continent of Sundaland. The research could help explain the biodiversity of present-day Borneo, Sumatra, and Java. It could also add to our understanding of how people moved through the region.

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