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Sunday, June 30, 2019

Saturday, June 29, 2019

June 29, 2019

Scientists find thirdhand smoke affects cells in humans

Thirdhand smoke can damage epithelial cells in the respiratory system by stressing cells and causing them to fight for survival, a research team has found. The finding could assist physicians treating patients exposed to thirdhand smoke.

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June 29, 2019

Pink noise boosts deep sleep in mild cognitive impairment patients

Gentle sound stimulation played during deep sleep enhanced deep sleep for people with mild cognitive impairment, who are at risk for Alzheimer's disease, a new study found. Those whose brains responded the most robustly to the sound stimulation showed an improved memory response the following day. These results suggest improving sleep is a promising novel approach to stave off dementia. The technology can be adapted for home use.

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June 29, 2019

Students chowing down tuna in dining halls are unaware of mercury exposure risks

Some students are helping themselves to servings of tuna well beyond the amounts recommended to avoid consuming too much mercury. Researchers surveyed students on their tuna consumption habits and knowledge of mercury exposure risks, and also measured the mercury levels in hair samples. Hair mercury levels were closely correlated with how much tuna the students said they ate. And for some, the measurements were above what is considered a 'level of concern.'

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June 29, 2019

How to improve corporate social and environmental responsibility

New research shows NGOs are more likely to sway companies into ethical behavior with carefully targeted reports that consider a range of factors affecting the companies and industries. The report also finds that too much pressure can actually backfire. The study suggests that vertical integration, where companies own and control all steps of the production process, can be economically feasible and promote responsible sourcing throughout an industry.

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June 29, 2019

Medically unnecessary ambulance rides soar after ACA expansion

A researcher discovered that medically unnecessary ambulance rides have drastically increased due to the expansion of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Dispatches for minor injuries like abrasions and muscle sprains have risen by 37% in NYC, an increase equivalent to approximately 239 additional dispatches a month, or 2,868 per year. When patients bear a smaller portion of the cost, researchers argue, they will be more likely to use an ambulance in less emergent situations.

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June 29, 2019

Global agriculture: Impending threats to biodiversity

A new study compares the effects of expansion vs. intensification of cropland use on global agricultural markets and biodiversity, and finds that the expansion strategy poses a particularly serious threat to biodiversity in the tropics.

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June 29, 2019

Researchers decipher the history of supermassive black holes in the early universe

Astrophysicists have found evidence for the direct formation of black holes that do not need to emerge from a star remnant. The production of black holes in the early universe, formed in this manner, may provide scientists with an explanation for the presence of extremely massive black holes at a very early stage in the history of our universe.

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Friday, June 28, 2019

June 28, 2019

Society pays heavy price for failure to diagnose and treat conduct disorder

A new study reviewed evidence from research conducted around the world and estimated the prevalence of conduct disorder to be around 3 percent in school-aged children and a leading cause of referral to child and adolescent mental health services. Yet paradoxically it is one of the least widely recognized or studied psychiatric disorders, and funding for research into it lags far behind many other childhood disorders.

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June 28, 2019

Low-cost retinal scanner could help prevent blindness worldwide

Biomedical engineers have developed a low-cost, portable optical coherence tomography (OCT) scanner that promises to bring the vision-saving technology to underserved regions throughout the United States and abroad. Thanks to a redesigned, 3D-printed spectrometer, the scanner is 15 times lighter and smaller than current commercial systems and is made from parts costing less than a tenth the retail price of commercial systems -- all without sacrificing imaging quality.

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June 28, 2019

New material shows high potential for quantum computing

Scientists are getting closer to confirming the existence of an exotic quantum particle called Majorana fermion, crucial for fault-tolerant quantum computing -- the kind of quantum computing that addresses errors during its operation.

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June 28, 2019

Gene activity database could spare thousands of mice

A comprehensive database of gene activity in mice across ten disease models could significantly reduce animal use worldwide. It gives a full picture of the immune response to different pathogens.

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June 28, 2019

Moments of clarity in dementia patients at end of life: Glimmers of hope?

It happens unexpectedly: a person long thought lost to the ravages of dementia, unable to recall the events of their lives or even recognize those closest to them, will suddenly wake up and exhibit surprisingly normal behavior, only to pass away shortly thereafter. This phenomenon, which experts refer to as terminal or paradoxical lucidity, has been reported since antiquity, yet there have been very few scientific studies of it. That may be about to change.

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June 28, 2019

A primate's response to death

Researchers review 200 years of documentation on how non-human primates respond to death. Researchers infer that non-human primates have some aspects of death awareness but, thus far, only humans conceptualize it at a higher order.

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June 28, 2019

When the dinosaurs died, lichens thrived

When the asteroid hit, dinosaurs weren't the only ones that suffered. Clouds of ash blocked the sun and cooled the planet's temperature, devastating plant life. But fungi, which decompose dead stuff, did well. So what happened to the lichens, which are made of a plant and fungus living together as one organism?

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June 28, 2019

X-ray imaging provides clues to fracture in solid-state batteries

Researchers have used X-ray computed tomography (CT) to visualize in real time how cracks form near the edges of the interfaces between materials in solid-state batteries. The findings could help researchers find ways to improve the energy storage devices.

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June 28, 2019

Infant mortality is higher for low-skilled parents

Infants of women with a short-term education are more likely to die within the first year of life. In more than half of cases, the cause of death is premature childbirth and low fetal weight.

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June 28, 2019

Embracing bioinformatics in gene banks

Scientists have explored, within a perspective paper, the upcoming challenges and possibilities of the future of gene banks. They emphasize that the advancement of gene banks into bio-digital resource centers, which collate the germplasm as well as the molecular data of the samples, would be beneficial to scientists, plant breeders and society alike.

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June 28, 2019

Medicines made of solid gold to help the immune system

By testing a variety of gold nanoparticles, researchers are providing first evidence of their impact upon human B lymphocytes -- the immune cells responsible for antibody production. The use of these nanoparticles is expected to improve the efficacy of pharmaceutical products while limiting potential adverse effects. These results will lead to the development of more targeted and better tolerated therapies, particularly in the field of oncology.

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June 28, 2019

Take two E. coli and call me in the morning

What if the bacteria in your daily probiotic were also able to detect diseases in the gut and indicate when something is awry? New research has created an effective, non-invasive way to quickly identify new bacterial biosensors that can recognize and report the presence of various disease triggers in the gut, helping set the stage for a new frontier of digestive health monitoring and treatment.

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June 28, 2019

An improved vaccine for bacterial meningitis and bloodstream infections

Researchers have now developed a new vaccine, a native outer membrane vesicle (NOMV) vaccine, for meningitis and bloodstream infections caused by 'meningococcal group B' bacteria. This will allow younger people to be vaccinated and will address several limitations of the current vaccinations.

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June 28, 2019

Confirmation of old theory leads to new breakthrough in superconductor science

Scientists have developed a superconductor that is only one nanometer thick. By studying fluctuations in this ultra-thin material as it transitions into superconductivity, the scientists gained insight into the processes that drive superconductivity. They used the new technology to confirm a 23-year-old theory of superconductors. Their work could have applications in virtually any technology that uses electricity.

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June 28, 2019

Utrafast magnetism: Electron-phonon interactions examined at BESSY II

How fast can a magnet switch its orientation and what are the microscopic mechanisms at play? These questions are of first importance for the development of data storage and computer chips. Now, an HZB team at BESSY II has for the first time been able to experimentally assess the principal microscopic process of ultra-fast magnetism. The methodology developed for this purpose can also be used to investigate interactions between spins and lattice oscillations in graphene, superconductors or other (quantum) materials.

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June 28, 2019

Fox News Breaking News Alert

Fox News Breaking News Alert

James Fields, who plowed into protesters at a white supremacist rally in Charlottesville in 2017, killing a woman has been sente

06/28/19 11:24 AM
June 28, 2019

Protein linked to aggressive skin cancer

Almost 300,000 people worldwide develop malignant melanoma each year. The disease is the most serious form of skin cancer and the number of cases reported annually is increasing, making skin cancer one of Sweden's most common forms of cancer. A research team has studied a protein that regulates a gene which is linked to metastasis of malignant melanoma.

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June 28, 2019

Artificial DNA can control release of active ingredients from drugs

A drug with three active ingredients that are released in sequence at specific times: What was once a pharmacologist's dream is now much closer to reality. With a combination of hydrogels and artificial DNA, nanoparticles can be released in sequence under conditions similar to those in the human body.

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June 28, 2019

Teens who can describe negative emotions can stave off depression

Teenagers who can describe their negative emotions in precise and nuanced ways are better protected against depression than their peers who can't. That's the conclusion of a new study about negative emotion differentiation, or NED -- the ability to make fine-grained distinctions between negative emotions and apply precise labels.

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June 28, 2019

Fox News Breaking News Alert

Fox News Breaking News Alert

Utah authorities hold news conference following arrest of suspect in disappearance of college student Mackenzie Lueck

06/28/19 10:33 AM
June 28, 2019

Fox News Breaking News Alert

Fox News Breaking News Alert

Police in Utah take suspect into custody in Mackenzie Lueck case as handyman reveals bizarre home renovation requests by 'person

06/28/19 9:25 AM

Thursday, June 27, 2019

June 27, 2019

Unlocking secrets of the ice worm

Researchers have identified an ice worm on Vancouver Island that is closely related to ice worms 1,200 miles away in southern Alaska. The researchers believe the genetic intermingling is the result of birds carrying the glacier-bound worms (or their eggs) up and down the west coast.

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June 27, 2019

The observation of topologically protected magnetic quasiparticles

A team of researchers conducted an in-depth study of magnetic quasiparticles called 'triplons.' The team conducted the study with a low-dimensional quantum magnet, Ba2CuSi2O6Cl2, using neutron inelastic scattering by AMATERAS at J-PARC. Their findings lead to the discovery of a new 'topologically protected triplon edge state' in the aforementioned compound.

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June 27, 2019

Diving into water treatment strategies for swimming pools

With summer in full swing, many people are cooling off in swimming pools. However, some of the substances that are made when chlorine in the water reacts with compounds in human sweat, urine or dirt aren't so refreshing. Now, researchers have compared the effectiveness of different water treatment processes in mitigating these so-called disinfection byproducts (DBPs).

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June 27, 2019

The two faces of the Jekyll gene

Genes which are specific to a species or group of species can reflect important genetic changes within lineages. Often, such lineage-specific genes are found to play a role within sexual reproduction, thus promoting reproductive isolation and, consequently, speciation. Whilst investigating the Jekyll gene which is essential for the procreation of barley, researchers have discovered that Jekyll occurs in form of two highly divergent allelic variants.

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June 27, 2019

Fox News Breaking News Alert

Fox News Breaking News Alert

Police name Salt Lake City homeowner 'person of interest' in case of missing University of Utah student Mackenzie Lueck

06/27/19 9:19 AM
June 27, 2019

How to produce natural gas while storing carbon dioxide

New research shows that injecting air and carbon dioxide into methane ice deposits buried beneath the Gulf of Mexico could unlock vast natural gas energy resources while helping fight climate change by trapping the carbon dioxide underground.

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June 27, 2019

Neuronal Parkinson inclusions are different than expected

An international team of researchers challenges the conventional understanding of the cause of Parkinson's disease. The researchers have shown that the inclusions in the brain's neurons, characteristic of Parkinson's disease, are comprised of a membranous medley rather than protein fibrils.

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June 27, 2019

Boosting amino acid derivative may be a treatment for schizophrenia

Many psychiatric drugs act on the receptors or transporters of certain neurotransmitters in the brain. However, there is a great need for alternatives, and research is looking at other targets along the brain's metabolic pathways. Lack of glycine betaine contributes to brain pathology in schizophrenia, and new research shows that betaine supplementation can counteract psychiatric symptoms in mice.

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Wednesday, June 26, 2019

June 26, 2019

Widespread disease diabetes: Why do beta cells refuse to release insulin?

One in 11 adults worldwide suffers from diabetes, and the number of diabetes patients is rising rapidly. Diabetes is worldwide one of the most widespread diseases. In the most common form of diabetes, type 2 diabetes, the body cells react increasingly insensitively to the hormone insulin, which is produced by beta cells in the pancreas and is intended to promote the absorption of sugar from the blood into the cells.

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June 26, 2019

Shell increases versatility of nanowires

Nanowires promise to make LEDs more colorful and solar cells more efficient, in addition to speeding up computers. That is, provided that the tiny semiconductors convert electric energy into light, and vice versa, at the right wavelengths. Researchers have managed to produce nanowires with operating wavelengths that can be freely selected over a wide range. Fine-tuned nanowires could take on several roles in optoelectronic components, thus making them more powerful, more cost-effective, and easier to integrate.

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June 26, 2019

Scientists developing way to help premature babies breathe easier

Researchers suggest a possible cell-based therapy to stimulate lung development in fragile premature infants who suffer from a rare condition called Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD), which in the most severe cases can lead to lifelong breathing problems and even death. Scientists studied genetic signatures in donated human neonatal lungs by using single-cell RNA sequencing analysis and mouse models of BPD.

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June 26, 2019

Understanding what makes captive gorilla hearts tick

We've known for some time that heart disease is prevalent in captive gorilla populations and is a leading cause of death. This is why, in 2010, the Great Ape Heart Project based at Zoo Atlanta (https://ift.tt/2NePTJC) was formed. The project provides a network of clinical, pathologic and research strategies to aid in the understanding and treating of cardiac disease in all the ape species.

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June 26, 2019

The first AI universe sim is fast and accurate and its creators don't know how it works

For the first time, astrophysicists have used artificial intelligence techniques to generate complex 3D simulations of the universe. The results are so fast, accurate and robust that even the creators aren't sure how it all works. The Deep Density Displacement Model can accurately simulate how the cosmos would look if certain parameters were tweaked -- such as the dark matter composition of the universe -- even though the model never received training data where those parameters varied.

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June 26, 2019

Newly defined cancer driver is fast, furious and loud

A new study finds that the gene FOXA1 overrides normal biology in three different ways to drive prostate cancer. They refer to the three classes as FAST, FURIOUS, and LOUD to reflect their unique features.

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June 26, 2019

Corals can survive in acidified ocean conditions, but have lower density skeletons

Coral reefs face many challenges to their survival, including the global acidification of seawater as a result of rising carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. A new study shows that at least three Caribbean coral species can survive and grow under conditions of ocean acidification more severe than those expected to occur during this century, although the density of their skeletons was lower than normal.

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June 26, 2019

Honeybees infect wild bumblebees through shared flowers

Viruses in managed honeybees are spilling over to wild bumblebee populations though the shared use of flowers, a first-of-its-kind study reveals. This research suggests commercial apiaries may need to be kept away from areas where there are vulnerable native pollinator species, like the endangered rusty patched bumblebee.

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June 26, 2019

ALMA pinpoints the formation site of planet around nearest young star

Researchers found a small dust concentration in the disk around TW Hydrae, the nearest young star. It is highly possible that a planet is growing or about to be formed in this concentration. This is the first time that the exact place where cold materials are forming the seed of a planet has been pinpointed in the disk around a young star.

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June 26, 2019

A new normal: Study explains universal pattern in fossil record

Instead of the typical bell-shaped curve, the fossil record shows a fat-tailed distribution, with extreme, outlier, events occurring with higher-than-expected probability. Using the same mathematical tools that describe stock market crashes, scientists explain the evolutionary dynamics that give rise to universal patterns in the fossil record.

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June 26, 2019

What made humans 'the fat primate'?

How did humans get to be so much fatter than our closest primate relatives, despite sharing 99% of the same DNA? A new study suggests that part of the answer may have to do with an ancient molecular shift in how DNA is packaged inside fat cells, which curbed our body's ability to turn 'bad' white fat into 'good' brown fat.

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June 26, 2019

Fox News Breaking News Alert

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Beth Chapman, who starred with her husband, Duane Chapman, in the long-running hit reality show 'Dog the Bounty Hunter,' has die

06/26/19 9:07 AM

Tuesday, June 25, 2019

June 25, 2019

Helping physics teachers who don't know physics

A shortage of high school physics teachers has led to teachers with little-to-no training taking over physics classrooms, reports show. This has led to additional stress and job dissatisfaction for those teachers -- and a difficult learning experience for their students. But new research indicates that focused physics professional development for teachers -- even those who have no prior physics training -- can lead to better experiences for both students and teachers, and can improve students' understanding of physics concepts.

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June 25, 2019

Milk: Best drink to reduce burn from chili peppers

People who order their Buffalo wings especially spicy and sometimes find them to be too 'hot,' should choose milk to reduce the burn, according to researchers, who also suggest it does not matter if it is whole or skim.

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June 25, 2019

A new 'golden' age for electronics?

Scientists have created materials that shrink uniformly in all directions when heated under normal everyday conditions, using a cheap and industrially scalable process. This potentially opens up a new paradigm of thermal-expansion control that will make electronic devices more resilient to temperature changes.

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June 25, 2019

Video games offer clues to help curb animal disease outbreaks

As Asia and Europe battle African swine fever outbreaks, new research shows how farmers' risk attitudes affect the spread of infectious animal diseases and offers a first-of-its kind model for testing disease control and prevention strategies. Getting just 10% of risk tolerant farmers to adopt biosecurity measures resulted in a significant reduction of disease, but keeping the disease under control required at least 40% of risk-takers to change their behaviors.

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June 25, 2019

Research reveals exotic quantum states in double-layer graphene

Researchers have demonstrated previously unknown states of matter that arise in double-layer stacks of graphene, a two-dimensional nanomaterial. These new states, known as the fractional quantum Hall effect, arise from the complex interactions of electrons both within and across graphene layers.

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June 25, 2019

Conservation efforts for giant South American river turtles have protected 147,000 females

By analyzing records in countries of the Amazon and Orinoco basins -- which include Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia, Bolivia, Peru and Ecuador -- researchers categorized 85 past and present initiatives or projects that work to preserve the South American River Turtle, or charapa (Podocnemis expansa), a critically endangered species. These projects are protecting more than 147,000 female turtles across the basin, an unprecedented figure.

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June 25, 2019

How dung beetles know where to roll their dung balls

When the South African dung beetle rolls its dung ball through the savannah, it must know the way as precisely as possible. Scientists have now discovered that it does not orient itself solely on the position of the sun.

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June 25, 2019

National trash: Reducing waste produced in US national parks

When you think of national parks, you might picture the vast plateaus of the Grand Canyon, the intricate wetlands of the Everglades, or the inspiring viewscapes of the Grand Tetons. You probably don't envision 100 million pounds of mashed water bottles, barbecue-smudged paper plates, and crumpled coffee cups -- but that is the staggering quantity of garbage that is generated in our National Parks each year. And handling that amount of waste is becoming a huge problem.

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June 25, 2019

Fox News Breaking News Alert

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Robert Mueller agrees to testify before joint House panel July 17 after subpoena, Nadler and Schiff announce

06/25/19 6:15 PM
June 25, 2019

Could coffee be the secret to fighting obesity?

Scientists have discovered that drinking a cup of coffee can stimulate 'brown fat', the body's own fat-fighting defenses, which could be the key to tackling obesity and diabetes.

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June 25, 2019

Molecular scissors stabilize the cell's cytoskeleton

Researchers have for the first time elucidated the structure of important enzymes in human cells that alter essential building blocks of the cellular cytoskeleton. This reveals the missing part of a cycle that regulates the build-up or breakdown of supporting elements of the cell. The enzymes investigated work as molecular scissors and can be involved in the development of various diseases, for example, cancer and diseases of the nervous system.

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June 25, 2019

How icy outer solar system satellites may have formed

Beyond the orbit of the planet Neptune, there are a multitude of icy and rocky small bodies, smaller than planets but larger than comets. These likely formed at the same time as the Solar System, and understanding their origin could provide important clues as to how the entire Solar System originated. Using sophisticated computer simulations and observations of TNOs, astronomers have shown how these so-called trans-Neptunian Objects (or TNOs) may have formed.

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June 25, 2019

How the dragon got its frill

The frilled dragon exhibits a distinctive large erectile ruff. Researchers report that an ancestral embryonic gill of the dragon embryo turns into a neck pocket that expands and folds, forming the frill. They demonstrate that this robust folding pattern emerges from mechanical forces during the homogeneous growth of the frill skin, due to the tensions resulting from its attachment to the neck and head.

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June 25, 2019

New evidence on the reliability of climate modeling

For decades, scientists studying a key climate phenomenon have been grappling with contradictory data that have threated to undermine confidence in the reliability of climate models overall. A new study settles that debate with regard to the Hadley cell, a tropical atmospheric circulation widely studied by climate scientists because it controls precipitation in the subtropics and also creates a region called the intertropical convergence zone, producing a band of major, highly-precipitative storms.

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June 25, 2019

Why money cannot 'buy' housework

If a man is handy with the vacuum cleaner, isn't averse to rustling up a lush family meal most nights after he's put on the washing machine having popped into the supermarket on his way home then it's more than likely his partner will have her own bank account. A new study reveals the way in which couples manage their money tells 'a tale of two marriages' in the UK today.

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June 25, 2019

Ant farmers boost plant nutrition

Research has demonstrated that millions of years of ant agriculture has remodeled plant physiology. Farming ants deposit nitrogen-rich feces directly inside plants, which has led to the evolution of these ultra-absorptive plant structures.

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Monday, June 24, 2019

June 24, 2019

Chronic conditions -- not infectious diseases -- are top 5 causes of early death in China

Chronic diseases, such as stroke, ischemic heart disease, and lung cancer, now represent the leading causes of premature death in China, according to a new scientific study. The rise in non-communicable diseases reflects declines in maternal and child mortality over nearly three decades, largely the result of economic growth and increasing levels of education. In addition, China has instituted national programs targeting infectious diseases.

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June 24, 2019

Large cohort study confirms small added obstetric risk from transfer of longer developed embryos

The transfer of embryos cultured for five or six days (instead of two or three) after fertilization in IVF and ICSI has become routine in many fertility clinics. Many (but not all) studies show that transferring these longer and better developed embryos - known as blastocysts - will increase the chance of pregnancy and live birth.

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June 24, 2019

Playing 'tag': Tracking movement of young oysters

A new publication investigates the use of a fluorescent dye to track movements of young oysters. The publication provides new knowledge on methods for tracking oysters in low salinity environments common to coastal waters, particularly in the northern Gulf of Mexico.

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June 24, 2019

Interim scan during prostate cancer therapy helps guide treatment

New prostate cancer research shows that adding an interim scan during therapy can help guide a patient's treatment. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer after two cycles of lutetium-177 (177Lu)-PSMA radioligand therapy has shown a significant predictive value for patient survival.

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June 24, 2019

Mood neurons mature during adolescence

Researchers have discovered a mysterious group of neurons in the amygdala -- a key center for emotional processing in the brain -- that stay in an immature, prenatal developmental state throughout childhood. Most of these cells mature rapidly during adolescence, suggesting a key role in the brain's emotional development, but some stay immature throughout life, suggesting new ideas about how the brain keeps its emotional responses flexible throughout life.

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June 24, 2019

Study ties poor sleep to reduced memory performance in older adults

A new study has found that variability in night-to-night sleep time and reduced sleep quality adversely affect the ability of older adults to recall information about past events. The study also found unexpected racial differences in the type of sleep patterns tied to lower memory performance across both younger and older African American research participants.

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June 24, 2019

Hydrogel offers double punch against orthopedic bone infections

Surgery prompted by automobile accidents, combat wounds, cancer treatment and other conditions can lead to bone infections that are difficult to treat and can delay healing until they are resolved. Now, researchers have a developed a double-duty hydrogel that both attacks the bacteria and encourages bone regrowth with a single application containing two active components.

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June 24, 2019

A wearable vibration sensor for accurate voice recognition

Scientists have developed a flexible and wearable vibration responsive sensor. When this sensor is attached to a neck, it can precisely recognize voice through vibration of the neck skin and is not affected by ambient noise or the volume of sound.

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June 24, 2019

How to bend waves to arrive at the right place

Under certain circumstances, a wave can split into several paths, reaching some places with high intensity, while avoiding others almost completely. This kind of 'branched flow' has first been observed in 2001. Scientists have now developed a method to exploit this effect. The core idea of this new approach is to send a wave signal exclusively along one single pre-selected branch, such that the wave is hardly noticeable anywhere else.

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June 24, 2019

Helping the body's ability to grow bone

For the first time, scientists have been able to study how well synthetic bone grafts stand up to the rigors and 'strains' of life, and how quickly they help bone re-grow and repair.

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June 24, 2019

How soft materials react to deformation at molecular level

Before designing the next generation of soft materials, researchers must first understand how they behave during rapidly changing deformation. In a new study, researchers challenged previous assumptions regarding polymer behavior with newly developed laboratory techniques that measure polymer flow at the molecular level.

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June 24, 2019

A solarium for hens? How to increase the vitamin D content of eggs

Many people suffer from a vitamin D deficiency. This can result in brittle bones and an increased risk of respiratory diseases. Chicken eggs are a natural source of vitamin D and one way to, at least partially, compensate for this deficiency. A team of nutritionists and agricultural scientists has found a new way to further increase the vitamin D content of eggs: by exposing chickens to UV light.

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June 24, 2019

Untangling the complicated relationships between people and nature for a brighter future

With major crises such as extinctions and environmental degradation upon us, there's never been a more crucial time to find solutions to environmental challenges. An international group of scientists is making major advances in sustaining the world's environments -- by untangling the intricate ways in which people and nature depend on each other.

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June 24, 2019

Non-invasive view into the heart

The non-invasive measurement of blood flow to the heart using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is on par with cardiac catheterization.

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June 24, 2019

Shedding light on rhodopsin dynamics in the retina

Photoreceptor cells in our eyes can adjust to both weak and strong light levels, but we still don't know exactly how they do it. Researchers now revealed that the photoreceptor protein rhodopsin forms transient clusters within the disc membranes in retina. These clusters are concentrated in the center of disc membranes, and act as platforms in the process of light to chemical signal conversion.

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June 24, 2019

'Nanoemulsion' gels offer new way to deliver drugs through the skin

MIT chemical engineers have devised a new way to create nanoemulsions, very tiny droplets of one liquid suspended within another. They also developed a way to easily convert nanoemulsions to a gel when they reach body temperature, which could be useful for developing materials that can deliver medication when rubbed on skin or injected into the body.

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June 24, 2019

Play games with no latency

One of the most challenging issues for game players looks to be resolved soon with the introduction of a zero-latency gaming environment. A team has now developed technology that helps game players maintain zero-latency performance. The new technology transforms the shapes of game design according to the amount of latency.

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June 24, 2019

Targeting individual atoms

In recent decades, NMR spectroscopy has made it possible to capture the spatial structure of chemical and biochemical molecules. Now researchers have found a way to apply this measurement principle to individual atoms.

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Sunday, June 23, 2019

June 23, 2019

Prolonged transmission of a resistant bacterial strain in a Northern California hospital

Researchers have used whole genome sequencing (WGS) to demonstrate transmission of a single bacterial strain that possessed a carbapenem-resistance gene in a northern California hospital. The gene armed the bacteria with resistance to carbapenems, a type of antimicrobial drug reserved as a last-line treatment for serious infections.

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June 23, 2019

The solution to antibiotic resistance could be in your kitchen sponge

Researchers have discovered bacteriophages, viruses that infect bacteria, living in their kitchen sponges. As the threat of antibiotic resistance increases, bacteriophages, or phages for short, may prove useful in fighting bacteria that cannot be killed by antibiotics alone.

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June 23, 2019

Cannabidiol is a powerful new antibiotic

New research has found that Cannnabidiol is active against Gram-positive bacteria, including those responsible for many serious infections (such as Staphyloccocus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae), with potency similar to that of established antibiotics such as vancomycin or daptomycin.

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June 23, 2019

Understanding C. auris transmission with the healthcare environment

Researchers have now shown that patients who are heavily colonized with Candida auris on their skin can shed the fungus and contaminate their surroundings. This finding provides an explanation for the extensive contamination that often occurs in healthcare facilities with C. auris outbreaks. These results can help inform infection control efforts.

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June 23, 2019

Plants may be transmitting superbugs to people

Antibiotic-resistant infections are a threat to global public health, food safety and an economic burden. To prevent these infections, it is critical to understand how antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their genes are transmitted from both meat and plant-foods. Researchers have now shown how plant-foods serve as vehicles for transmitting antibiotic resistance to the gut microbiome.

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Saturday, June 22, 2019

June 22, 2019

Rare recessive mutations pry open new windows on autism

Most genetic variants linked to autism are de novo mutations, which are not inherited and are relatively easy to find. A new study, in one of the largest cohorts to date, instead tracked rare recessive mutations in which a child inherits two 'bad' copies of a gene. The findings provides a likely explanation for up to 5 percent of all autism cases and offer new clues to autism's biological causes.

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June 22, 2019

New study maps how ocean currents connect the world's fisheries

It's a small world after all -- especially when it comes to marine fisheries, with a new study revealing they form a single network, with over $10 billion worth of fish each year being caught in a country other than the one in which it spawned.

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June 22, 2019

Scientists make single-cell map to reprogram scar tissue into healthy heart cells

Annually, about 790,000 Americans suffer a heart attack, which leaves damaged scar tissue on the heart and limits its ability to beat efficiently. But what if scientists could reprogram scar tissue cells called fibroblasts into healthy heart muscle cells called cardiomyocytes? For the first time, researchers developed a stable, reproducible, minimalistic platform to reprogram human fibroblast cells into cardiomyocytes.

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June 22, 2019

Unlocking the secrets of liver regeneration

Researchers have reported a new way in which the liver is primed to regenerate itself. They found that by stripping parts of the epigenome, which play a primary role in repressing 'jumping genes' (i.e. transposable elements), other epigenetic marks were redistributed.

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June 22, 2019

Do ice cores help to unravel the clouds of climate history?

For the first time, an international research team has investigated atmospheric ice nucleating particles (INPs) in ice cores, which can provide insights on the type of cloud cover in the Arctic over the last 500 years. These INPs play an important role in the formation of ice in clouds and thus have a major influence on the climate.

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June 22, 2019

Dissemination of pathogenic bacteria by university student's cell phones

New research has demonstrated the presence of S. aureus in 40% of the cell phones of students sampled at a university. S. aureus is a common cause of hospital and community-based infections and is currently considered an important pathogen because of its level of antibiotic resistance.

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June 22, 2019

Harmful algal blooms in lakes, reservoirs

With limited resources to monitor often-unpredictable algae blooms, water managers are turning to new technologies from NASA and its partners to detect and keep track of potential hazards.

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June 22, 2019

'Sneezing' plants contribute to disease proliferation

'''The jumping droplets, at the rate of 100 or more an hour, are a violent expulsion of dew from the surface. It's good for the plant because it is removing spores from itself, but it's bad because, like a human sneeze, the liquid droplets are finding their way onto neighboring plants. '

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June 22, 2019

'Hunger hormone' imbalance can trigger obesity

Scientists discovered a new mutation in the gene that regulates the key hormone suppressing hunger called leptin. This new mutation could help researchers understand why people develop excess of body fat.

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Friday, June 21, 2019

June 21, 2019

The gym proving too expensive or time consuming?

A new study investigated a home-based high-intensity interval training (Home-HIT) program and studied its benefits for clinically obese individuals with an elevated risk of heart disease.

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June 21, 2019

Your brain activity can be used to measure how well you understand a concept

As students learn a new concept, measuring how well they grasp it has often depended on traditional paper and pencil tests. Researchers have developed a machine learning algorithm, which can be used to measure how well a student understands a concept based on his or her brain activity patterns. The study is one of the first to look at how knowledge learned in school is represented in the brain.

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June 21, 2019

New understanding of thermoelectric materials

Researchers reported a major step forward in the search for new thermoelectric materials Friday, the discovery of a new explanation for asymmetrical thermoelectric performance.

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June 21, 2019

Antibiotic resistance in spore-forming probiotic bacteria

New research has found that six probiotic Bacillus strains are resistant to several antibiotics. Genetic analysis of other Bacillus strains has shown genes that contribute to antibiotic resistance towards various types of drugs and methods in which they can still grow in their presence.

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June 21, 2019

A new drug target for chemically induced Parkinson's disease

An enzyme that modifies chemicals formed in the body by alcohol, tobacco, and certain foods may be a new target for treating Parkinson's disease. The altered compounds, the researchers found, may play a role in triggering the onset or advancing the progression of the neurodegenerative condition.

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June 21, 2019

Research details response of sagebrush to 2017 solar eclipse

The short period of darkness caused a significant reduction in photosynthesis and transpiration in the desert shrub, but not quite to the levels of nighttime, according to some of the most detailed research on plant response to solar eclipses ever reported.

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Thursday, June 20, 2019

June 20, 2019

Retracing ancient routes to Australia

New insights into how people first arrived in Australia have determined the likely routes travelled by Aboriginal people tens of thousands of years ago along with the sizes of groups required for the population to survive in harsh conditions.

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June 20, 2019

Urban wildlife may be a significant vector for anti-microbial resistant germs

In the cities of developing nations, where unregulated antibiotic use is common and livestock jostle with people amid often unsanitary conditions, scientists have found a potentially troubling vector for the dissemination of anti-microbial resistant (AMR) bacteria -- wildlife.

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June 20, 2019

Synthetic joint lubricant holds promise for osteoarthritis

A new type of treatment for osteoarthritis, currently in canine clinical trials, shows promise for eventual use in humans. The treatment, developed by biomedical engineers, is a synthetic version of a naturally occurring joint lubricant that binds to the surface of cartilage in joints and acts as a cushion during high-impact activities, such as running.

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June 20, 2019

Methods and models

It's a well-known fact that the ocean is one of the biggest absorbers of the carbon dioxide emitted by way of human activity. What's less well known is how the ocean's processes for absorbing that carbon change over time, and how they might affect its ability to buffer climate change.

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June 20, 2019

Making systems robust

Both nature and technology rely on integral feedback mechanisms to ensure that systems resist external perturbations. Researchers have now used synthetic biology to design a new mechanism of this sort from scratch. For the first time, they have introduced it into a living cell as an artificial genetic regulatory network. This will be a useful tool for cell therapy in medicine and for biotechnology.

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June 20, 2019

South African forests show pathways to a sustainable future

Native forests make up 1percent of the landscape in South Africa but could play a key role in reducing atmospheric carbon and identifying sustainable development practices that can be used globally to counter climate change.

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June 20, 2019

Powering a solution: Professor takes charge at improving lithium ion batteries safety

Scientists are working to improve the safety of Li-ion batteries by creating a shear-thickening electrolyte -- a substance that can become thicker under impact, set between the battery's anode and cathode that will be impact-resistant, thus not causing a fire or an explosion upon any collision.

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June 20, 2019

Stochastic model to explain microbiome composition

All living things -- from the simplest animal and plant organisms to the human body -- live closely together with an enormous abundance of microbial symbionts, which colonize the insides and outsides of their tissues. The functional collaboration of host and microorganisms, which scientists refer to as a metaorganism, has only recently come into the focus of life science research.

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June 20, 2019

Plants' oil-production accelerator also activates the brakes

Scientists studying plant biochemistry recently made a surprising discovery: They found that a protein that turns on oil synthesis also activates a protein that puts the brakes on the same process. They describe how this seemingly paradoxical system keeps oil precursors perfectly balanced to meet plants' needs.

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June 20, 2019

Vitamin D may not help your heart

While previous research has suggested a link between low levels of vitamin D in the blood and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, a new study has found that taking vitamin D supplements did not reduce that risk.

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June 20, 2019

Laser method promising for detecting trace chemicals in air

Researchers have developed a new laser-based method that can detect electric charges and chemicals of interest with unprecedented sensitivity. The new approach could one day offer a way to scan large areas for radioactive material or hazardous chemicals for safety and security applications.

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Wednesday, June 19, 2019

June 19, 2019

Motherhood can deliver body image boost

New research indicates that perfectionism is related to breast size dissatisfaction, but only in non-mothers -- suggesting that mothers are more comfortable with their bodies.

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June 19, 2019

Antarctic marine life recovery following the dinosaurs' extinction

A new study shows how marine life around Antarctica returned after the extinction event that wiped out the dinosaurs. A team studied just under 3000 marine fossils collected from Antarctica to understand how life on the sea floor recovered after the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) mass extinction 66 million years ago. They reveal it took one million years for the marine ecosystem to return to pre-extinction levels.

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June 19, 2019

Astronomers make first detection of polarized radio waves in Gamma Ray Burst jets

Astronomers detect polarized radio waves from a gamma-ray burst for the first time. Polarization signature reveals magnetic fields in explosions to be much more patchy and tangled than first thought. Combining the observations with data from X-ray and visible light telescopes is helping unravel the mysteries of the universe's most powerful explosions.

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June 19, 2019

High postural sway doubles older women's fracture risk

Postural sway is an independent risk factor for bone fractures in postmenopausal women, according to a new study. Women with the highest postural sway had a two times higher fracture risk compared to women with the lowest postural sway.

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June 19, 2019

Electrons take alternative route to prevent plant stress

When plants absorb excess light energy during photosynthesis, reactive oxygen species are produced, potentially causing oxidative stress that damages important structures. Plants can suppress the production of reactive oxygen species by oxidizing P700 (the reaction center chlorophyll in photosystem I). A new study has revealed more about this vital process.

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June 19, 2019

Mapping and measuring proteins on the surfaces of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in cells

Sigma receptors are proteins found on mainly the surface of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in certain cells. Sigma-1 and sigma-2 are the two main classes of these receptors. The sigma-1 receptor is involved neurological disorders and certain types of cancer. To understand better how the receptor is involved in disease and whether drugs developed to target it are working, it is important to be able to accurately trace the sigma-1 receptor. Researchers have now developed a probe, which can identify and latch onto the sigma-1 receptor.

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June 19, 2019

Developing a new type of refrigeration via force-driven liquid gas transition

A research team has made a groundbreaking discovery in the quest to replace hydrofluorocarbons in refrigeration systems with natural refrigerants such as water and alcohol. Their study involved carrying-out a liquid-to-gas phase transition via a nanosponge, a soft, elastic material equipped with small nanopores less than 10 nanometers. Their findings could lead to more efficient refrigerants with a smaller carbon footprint.

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June 19, 2019

Researchers find cause of rare, fatal disease that turns babies' lips and skin blue

Scientists used a gene editing method called CRISPR/Cas9 to generate mice that faithfully mimic a fatal respiratory disorder in newborn infants that turns their lips and skin blue. The new laboratory model allowed researchers to pinpoint the ailment's cause and develop a potential and desperately needed nanoparticle-based treatment. Mostly untreatable, Alveolar Capillary Dysplasia with Misalignment of Pulmonary Veins (ACDMPV) usually strikes infants within a month of birth.

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June 19, 2019

Real-time analysis of MOF adsorption behavior

Researchers have developed a technology to analyze the adsorption behavior of molecules in each individual pore of a metal organic framework (MOF). This system has large specific surface areas, allowing for the real-time observation of the adsorption process of an MOF, a new material effective for sorting carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and methane.

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June 19, 2019

How arousal impacts physiological synchrony in relationships

A team of researchers has examined what type of social interaction is required for people to display physiological synchrony -- mutual changes in autonomic nervous system activity. The study also looked at whether the levels of autonomic arousal people share predicts affiliation and friendship interest between people.

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June 19, 2019

A sound idea: a step towards quantum computing

Researchers have developed a new method for using lasers to create tiny lattice waves inside silicon crystals that can encode quantum information. By taking advantage of existing silicon hardware, this work may greatly reduce the cost of future quantum computers for cryptographic and optimization applications.

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June 19, 2019

Unexpected culprit: Wetlands as source of methane

Wetlands are an important part of the Earth's natural water management system. The complex system of plants, soil, and aquatic life serves as a reservoir that captures and cleans water. However, as cities have expanded, many wetlands were drained for construction. In addition, many areas of land in the Midwest were drained to increase uses for agriculture to feed a growing world.

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June 19, 2019

Your nose knows when it comes to stronger memories

Memories are stronger when the original experiences are accompanied by unpleasant odors, a team of researchers has found. The study broadens our understanding of what can drive Pavlovian responses and points to how negative experiences influence our ability to recall past events.

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Tuesday, June 18, 2019

June 18, 2019

One day of employment a week is all we need for mental health benefits

Latest research finds up to eight hours of paid work a week significantly boosts mental health and life satisfaction. However, researchers found little evidence that any more hours -- including a full five-day week - provide further increases in wellbeing. They argue the findings show some paid work for the entire adult population is important, but rise of automation may require shorter hours for all so work can be redistributed.

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June 18, 2019

Immunity: Redundancies in T cells

Researchers have discovered redundancies in the biochemical signalling pathways of immune cells. This finding has important implications for advances in cancer immunotherapy, among other areas.

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June 18, 2019

Sleep history predicts late-life Alzheimer's pathology

Sleep patterns can predict the accumulation of Alzheimer's pathology proteins later in life, according to a new study. These findings could lead to new sleep-based early diagnosis and prevention measures in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

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June 18, 2019

Healthcare workers often care for patients while ill

Large numbers of healthcare workers risk transmitting respiratory viruses to patients and co-workers by attending work even when they have symptoms, according to a new study. The study found that 95% of people working in healthcare settings have worked while sick, most often because the symptoms were mild or started during their workday.

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June 18, 2019

Gold adds the shine of reversible assembly to protein cages

An international team has shown the reversible self-assembly of protein cages using gold ions to direct the process. The team designed protein building blocks that formed 3D structures in the presence of gold ions and could be disassembled in the presence of reducing agents, exhibiting smart behavior attractive for cargo delivery applications. The cages were also found to exhibit an architecture believed to be unique in nature.

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June 18, 2019

Molecular switch for 'exhaustion mode' of immune cells discovered

Tumors and certain viral infections pose a challenge to the human body which the immune system typically fails to hand. In these diseases it switches to hypofunctional state that prevent adequate protection. A research team has achieved a major success: They identified the crucial molecular switch that triggers such dysfunctional immune responses. This could make it possible in the future to switch off or to prevent this state.

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June 18, 2019

Genetic cause for fatal response to Hepatitis A

Researchers have identified a genetic mutation that caused an 11-year-old girl to suffer a fatal reaction to infection with the Hepatitis A virus (HAV). The study reveals that mutations in the IL18BP gene causes the body's immune system to attack and kill healthy liver cells, and suggests that targeting this pathway could prevent the deaths of patients suffering rapid liver failure in response to viral infection.

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June 18, 2019

Carving a new path for skier safety

A spectacular stack on a ski slope in Canada has led to a researcher determining a simple modification that could improve skier safety on the snow. Researchers studied visual perception under different lighting conditions to identify a better method for grooming ski runs.

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June 18, 2019

'Hot spots' increase efficiency of solar desalination

Researchers showed they could boost the efficiency of their nanotechnology-enabled solar membrane desalination system by more than 50% simply by adding inexpensive plastic lenses to concentrate sunlight into 'hot spots.'

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June 18, 2019

Biological evolution inspires machine learning

Evolution allows life to explore almost limitless diversity and complexity. Scientists hope to recreate such open-endedness in the laboratory or in computer simulations, but even sophisticated computational techniques like machine learning and artificial intelligence can't provide the open-ended tinkering associated with evolution. Here, common barriers to open-endedness in computation and biology were compared, to see how the two realms might inform each other, and ultimately enable machine learning to design and create open-ended evolvable systems.

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Monday, June 17, 2019

June 17, 2019

9,000 years ago, a community with modern urban problems

Bioarchaeologists report new findings from the ancient ruins of Çatalhöyük, in modern Turkey. The results paint a picture of what it was like for humans to move from a nomadic hunting and gathering lifestyle to a more sedentary life built around agriculture.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/06/190617164635.htm
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June 17, 2019

Sun's history found buried in Moon's crust

The Sun's rotation rate in its first billion years is unknown. Yet, this spin rate affected solar eruptions, influencing the evolution of life. Scientists think they've figured it out by using the Moon as critical evidence.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/06/190617164640.htm
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June 17, 2019

Gold for iron nanocubes

Hybrid Au/Fe nanoparticles can grow in an unprecedentedly complex structure with a single-step fabrication method.

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June 17, 2019

Personalized medicine: Testing therapies on mini-tumors of head and neck cancer

Head and neck cancer is an aggressive type of cancer that often recurs, despite patients undergoing harsh treatments. Researchers have succeeded in growing mini-tumors (or organoids) of head and neck cancers, that can be kept alive in the petri-dish for a long time. These mini-tumor were shown to predict patient response to therapy. Thus, this technique holds promise to identify the right therapy for the right patient.

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June 17, 2019

Vest helps athletes keep their cool

A new cooling vest for sports athletes may ensure everyone can compete safely in sweltering summer conditions such as the upcoming 2020 Summer Olympics.

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June 17, 2019

Lynx in Turkey: Noninvasive sample collection provides insights into genetic diversity

A team of scientists collected data and samples (feces, hair) from the Caucasian Lynx (Lynx lynx dinniki), in a region of Anatolian Turkey over several years. The results of the genetic analyses indicated an unexpectedly high genetic diversity and lack of inbreeding despite the recent isolation of the study population.

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June 17, 2019

Schizophrenia: Adolescence is the game-changer

Schizophrenia may be related to the deletion syndrome. However, not everyone who has the syndrome necessarily develops psychotic symptoms. What triggers the illness? Researchers (UNIGE) have provided an initial answer after analysing several years of patients with deletion syndrome. They found that the size of the hippocampus was smaller than normal but followed the same developmental curve as in healthy subjects. Yet, when the first psychotic symptoms appear - generally in adolescence - the hippocampus atrophies dramatically.

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June 17, 2019

Race, ethnicity and exclusionary discipline practices

Discipline and how it is administered in schools across the US continues to be a hotly debated topic. A new project analyzed how ethnicity and race are associated with school exclusionary discipline practices, which refer to students being removed from school as a form of punishment. Previous studies have found ethnic and racial disparities in the rates of school discipline actions, where ethnic and racial minority students (particularly African American youth) were found to be overrepresented among students that are disciplined.

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