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Monday, May 31, 2021

May 31, 2021

Newly discovered African 'climate seesaw' drove human evolution

A scientific consortium has found that ancient El Niño-like weather patterns were the primary drivers of environmental change in sub-Saharan Africa over the last 620 thousand years - the critical time-frame for the evolution of our species. The group found that these ancient weather patterns had more profound impacts in sub-Saharan Africa than glacial-interglacial cycles more commonly linked to human evolution.

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May 31, 2021

The price is right: Modeling economic growth in a zero-emission society

With increasing public awareness of crises associated with degraded environments and mounting pressure to act, governments worldwide have begun to examine environmentally sustainable policies. However, there are many questions about whether enacting these policies will negatively affect economic growth. Now, a model suggests that sustained GDP growth is possible even after spending to clean up pollution as it is created, providing hope that a zero-emission society is an achievable goal.

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May 31, 2021

Scientists discover a new genetic form of ALS in children

In a study of 11 medical-mystery patients, an international team of researchers has discovered a new and unique form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Unlike most cases of ALS, the disease began attacking these patients during childhood, worsened more slowly than usual, and was linked to a gene, called SPTLC1, that is part of the body's fat production system.

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May 31, 2021

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President Biden, Vice President Harris participate in wreath-laying ceremony at Tomb of the Unknown Soldier

05/31/21 7:00 AM

Sunday, May 30, 2021

Saturday, May 29, 2021

Friday, May 28, 2021

May 28, 2021

Helping doctors manage COVID-19

New artificial intelligence (AI) technology is capable of assessing the severity of COVID-19 cases with a promising degree of accuracy, researchers report.

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May 28, 2021

Scientists overhear two atoms chatting

How materials behave depends on the interactions between countless atoms. You could see this as a giant group chat in which atoms are continuously exchanging quantum information. Researchers have now been able to intercept a chat between two atoms.

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May 28, 2021

How retroviruses become infectious

Understanding every step in the life cycle of a virus is crucial for identifying potential targets for treatment. Now, scientists were able to show how a virus from the retrovirus family - the same family as HIV - protects its genetic information and becomes infectious. Furthermore, they show an unexpected flexibility of the virus.

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May 28, 2021

Changes in how cholesterol breaks down in the body may accelerate progression of dementia

The blood-brain barrier is impermeable to cholesterol, yet high blood cholesterol is associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. However, the underlying mechanisms mediating this relationship are poorly understood. A new study suggests that disturbances in the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids may play a role in the development of dementia.

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May 28, 2021

Mass gatherings during Malaysian election directly and indirectly boosted COVID-19 spread, study suggests

New estimates suggest that mass gatherings during an election in the Malaysian state of Sabah directly caused 70 percent of COVID-19 cases detected in Sabah after the election, and indirectly caused 64.4 percent of cases elsewhere in Malaysia.

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Thursday, May 27, 2021

May 27, 2021

Lead levels in urban soil are declining but hotspots persist

Lead paint and leaded gasoline have been banned for decades, but unsafe levels of lead remain in some urban soils, a new study finds. The researchers mapped soil lead concentrations along 25 miles of streets in Durham, N.C. Though contamination generally has declined since the 1970s, soil collected near houses predating 1978 still averaged 649 milligrams of lead per kilogram of soil, well above the 400 mg/kg threshold associated with health risks to children.

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May 27, 2021

Gravitational wave search no hum drum hunt

The hunt for the never before heard 'hum' of gravitational waves caused by mysterious neutron stars has just got a lot easier, thanks to an international team of researchers.

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May 27, 2021

AGA recommends early use of biologics in patients with moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease

Crohn's disease, a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes inflammation (pain and swelling) in the gastrointestinal tract, can cause daily health problems, frequent hospitalizations and surgery when not adequately controlled. While there is no cure for Crohn's disease, there are treatments that can help patients live a symptom-free life.

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May 27, 2021

Fish adapt to ocean acidification by modifying gene expression

To survive in a reduced pH environment, marine organisms have to adjust their physiology which, at the molecular level, is achieved by modifying the expression of genes. The study of such changes in gene expression can aid in revealing the adaptive mechanisms of life under predicted future ocean acidification conditions.

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May 27, 2021

New microscopy method reaches deeper into the living brain

Researchers have developed a new technique that allows microscopic fluorescence imaging at four times the depth limit imposed by light diffusion. Fluorescence microscopy is often used to image molecular and cellular details of the brain in animal models of various diseases but, until now, has been limited to small volumes and highly invasive procedures due to intense light scattering by the skin and skull.

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May 27, 2021

Vaccine target for devastating livestock disease could change lives of millions

The first ever vaccine target for trypanosomes, a family of parasites that cause devastating disease in animals and humans, has been discovered. By targeting a protein on the cell surface of the parasite Trypanosoma vivax, researchers were able to confer long-lasting protection against animal African trypanosomiasis (AAT) infection in mice.

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May 27, 2021

Sometimes, even 3-year-olds just want to fit in with the group

What makes preschoolers eat their veggies? Raise their hand? Wait their turn? 'Because I say so' is a common refrain for many parents. But when it comes to getting kids to behave, recent research suggests that the voice of adult authority isn't the only thing that matters. Around age three, fitting in with the group starts to count big too.

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May 27, 2021

It takes some heat to form ice

Researchers tracked down the first step in ice formation at a surface, revealing that additional energy is needed for water before ice can start to form.

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May 27, 2021

Causal mechanism of link between cancer and obesity

A review study advances knowledge about the connection between obesity-associated inflammation and cancer. The researchers suggest that inflammatory cells with immunosuppressive properties may act as a critical biological link between obesity and cancer risk, progression, and metastasis.

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May 27, 2021

When cancer cells 'put all their eggs in one basket'

Normal cells usually have multiple solutions for fixing problems that may arise. But cancer cells may 'put all their eggs in one basket,' getting rid of all backup plans and depending on just one solution. Researchers discovered that a particular type of blood cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, came to depend on a single DNA repair method. They developed a drug that shut down the remaining pathway in lab-grown cells.

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May 27, 2021

Plastic waste has some economic benefit for developing countries

For decades, wealthy nations have transported plastic trash, and its environmental problems, to poorer countries, but researchers have found a potential bright side to this seemingly unequal trade: plastic waste may provide an economic boon for the lower-income countries. Researchers analyzed 11 years of data on the global plastics trade against economic measures for 85 countries. They found plastic waste import was associated with growth in GDP per capita in lower-income countries.

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May 27, 2021

Obsessive compulsive disorder linked to increased ischemic stroke risk later in life

Adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) were more than three times as likely as those without the disorder to have an ischemic stroke later in life. Adults with OCD should maintain a healthy lifestyle, including not smoking, exercising, and managing a healthy weight, to help prevent stroke. Health care professionals should closely monitor patients with OCD for increased risk of ischemic stroke.

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May 27, 2021

Fungus fights mites that harm honey bees

A new fungus strain bred in a lab could provide a chemical-free method for eradicating mites that kill honey bees. Varroa destructor mites play a large role in Colony Collapse Disorder, which destroys thousands of bee colonies every year.

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May 27, 2021

Banning the sale of fossil-fuel cars benefits the climate when replaced by electric cars

If a ban were introduced on the sale of new petrol and diesel cars, and they were replaced by electric cars, the result would be a great reduction in carbon dioxide emissions. That is the finding of new research, looking at emissions from the entire life cycle - from manufacture of electric cars and batteries, to electricity used for operation.

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May 27, 2021

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US Marine facing extradition, threat of murder by North Korea speaks out, telling Fox News 'the fear is there'

05/27/21 4:29 AM

Wednesday, May 26, 2021

May 26, 2021

Widespread coral-algae symbioses endured historical climate changes

One of the most important and widespread reef-building corals, known as cauliflower coral, exhibits strong partnerships with certain species of symbiotic algae, and these relationships have persisted through periods of intense climate fluctuations over the last 1.5 million years, according to a new study.

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May 26, 2021

Technology to monitor mental wellbeing might be right at your fingertips

To help patients manage their mental wellness between appointments, researchers have developed a smart device-based electronic platform that can continuously monitor the state of hyperarousal, one of the signs of psychiatric distress. They said this advanced technology could read facial cues, analyze voice patterns and integrate readings from built-in vital signs sensors on smartwatches to determine if a patient is under stress.

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May 26, 2021

Unveiling what governs crystal growth

Crystals are wonders of nature and science with important applications in electronics and optics. Scientists have new insights into how gallium nitride crystals grow. Gallium nitride crystals are in wide use in light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and may form transistors for high-power switching electronics to make electric grids more energy efficient and smarter.

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May 26, 2021

The world's smallest fruit picker controlled by artificial intelligence

Inspired by insects that suck nutrients directly from plant veins, physicists have studied whether valuable chemical substances can be harvested directly from the cells of plants. Using a harvester measuring only a few microns, they have now achieved a technological breakthrough.

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May 26, 2021

Non-parents expand 'facial dexterity' in caring for infants among primates

Non-parents expand the range of their facial expressions in caring for infants among primates. The study shows the ability, among non-relatives, to both decipher facial expressions and to be attuned to others' emotional states, revealing the evolutionary nature of communication.

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May 26, 2021

Warm ice may fracture differently than cold ice

Researchers have found strong evidence that warm ice - that is, ice very close in temperature to zero degrees Celsius - may fracture differently than the kinds of ice typically studied in laboratories or nature. A new study takes a closer look at the phenomenon.

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May 26, 2021

What causes the deep Earth's most mysterious earthquakes?

The cause of Earth's deepest earthquakes has been a mystery to science for more than a century, but a team of scientists may have now cracked the case. New research provides evidence that fluids play a key role in deep-focus earthquakes -- which occur between 300 and 700 kilometers below the planet's surface.

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May 26, 2021

How antibiotic-filled feces helps 'bessbug' beetles stay healthy

Researchers have discovered that the frass of the horned passalus beetle is teeming with antibiotic and antifungal chemicals similar to the ones that humans use to ward off bacterial and fungal infections. Understanding the symbiotic relationship between bessbug beetles, actinomycetes and their antimicrobial compounds could help speed the search for new antibiotic drugs, and help doctors create better strategies for preventing the rise of antibiotic-resistant infections.

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May 26, 2021

Hundreds of antibiotic resistant genes found in the gastrointestinal tracts of Danish infants

Danish one-year-olds carry several hundred antibiotic resistant genes in their bacterial gut flora according to a new study from the University of Copenhagen. The presence of these genes is partly attributable to antibiotic use among mothers during pregnancy.

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May 26, 2021

Why a vacation seems like it will end as soon as it begins

Time not only flies when you're having fun - sometimes anticipating a fun event makes it feel like it will be over as soon as it begins, a new study suggests. Researchers found that people judge future positive events as being both farther away as well as shorter in duration than negative or neutral events.

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Tuesday, May 25, 2021

May 25, 2021

Machine learning platform identifies activated neurons in real-time

Biomedical engineers have developed an automatic process that uses streamlined artificial intelligence (AI) to identify active neurons in videos faster and more accurately than current techniques. The technology should allow researchers to watch an animal's brain activity in real time, as they are behaving.

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May 25, 2021

AI spots neurons better than human experts

A combination of optical coherence tomography (OCT), adaptive optics and deep neural networks can easily and precisely track changes in the number and shape of retinal ganglion cells in the eye. This new AI-driven method can enable better diagnosis and monitoring for neuron-damaging eye and brain diseases like glaucoma.

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May 25, 2021

Narcissism linked to aggression in review of 437 studies

A comprehensive analysis of 437 studies from around the world provides the best evidence to date that narcissism is an important risk factor for both aggression and violence, researchers said. The link between narcissism and aggression was found for all dimensions of narcissism and for a variety of types of aggression. Results were similar regardless of gender, age, whether they were college students, or country of residence.

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May 25, 2021

Soft X-ray method promises nanocarrier breakthroughs for smart medicine

A new technique using chemically-sensitive 'soft' X-rays offers a simpler, non-disruptive way of gaining insight into nanocarriers. Currently researchers have to rely on attaching fluorescent dyes or heavy metals to label parts of organic nanocarrier structures for investigation, often changing them in the process. Researchers have demonstrated the capability of the new X-ray method on a smart drug delivery nanoparticle and a polysoap nanostructure intended to capture crude oil spilled in the ocean.

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May 25, 2021

Mothers' depression impacts mother-infant relationships

Research has found that women with depression during pregnancy, or with a history of depression, had a reduced quality of mother-infant interaction at both eight weeks and 12 months after their babies were born.

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May 25, 2021

Engineering matter at the atomic level

Researchers have developed a way to use a 'dry transfer technique' -- a technique that uses no solvent -- to position optical quality carbon nanotubes in a precise way.

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May 25, 2021

Press (re)play to remember - How the brain strengthens memories during sleep

While we sleep, the brain produces particular activation patterns. When two of these patterns - slow oscillations and sleep spindles - gear into each other, previous experiences are reactivated. The stronger the reactivation, the clearer will be our recall of past events, a new study reveals.

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May 25, 2021

Milky Way not unusual, astronomers find

The first detailed cross-section of a galaxy broadly similar to the Milky Way reveals that our galaxy evolved gradually, instead of being the result of a violent mash-up. The finding throws the origin story of our home into doubt.

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May 25, 2021

Fox News Breaking News Alert

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Moderna says its COVID-19 vaccine is effective in kids aged 12 to 17, plans to seek regulators' approval

05/25/21 5:19 AM

Monday, May 24, 2021

May 24, 2021

A seedy slice of history: Watermelons actually came from northeast Africa

Using DNA from greenhouse-grown plants representing all species and hundreds of varieties of watermelon, scientists discovered that watermelons most likely came from wild crop progenitors in northeast Africa. The study corrects a 90-year-old mistake that had previously tied watermelons to South Africa. The genetic research is consistent with newly interpreted Egyptian tomb paintings that suggest the watermelon may have been consumed in the Nile Valley as a dessert more than 4,000 years ago.

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May 24, 2021

Two invasive beachgrasses are hybridizing

Two species of sand-stabilizing beachgrasses introduced to the Pacific Northwest starting in the early 1900s are hybridizing, raising new questions about impacts to the coastal ecosystems the non-native plants have been engineering for more than a century.

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May 24, 2021

Accurate evaluation of CRISPR genome editing

Researchers have developed a new software tool to detect, evaluate and quantify off-target editing activity, including adverse translocation events that can cause cancer. The software is based on input taken from a standard measurement assay, involving multiplexed PCR amplification and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS).

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May 24, 2021

Clean water and toilets for healthy shelters

The devastating Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011 displaced some 500,000 people to evacuation shelters. A research team that conducted regular visits to shelters to assess their status and inhabitants well-being have analyzed their data and found that about half of shelters had inadequate clean tap water and toilets, leading to worsening health outcomes for inhabitants.

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May 24, 2021

Diabetes vaccine gives promising results in a genetic subgroup

A clinical study has investigated whether immunotherapy against type 1 diabetes can preserve the body's own production of insulin. The results suggest that injection of a protein, GAD, into lymph nodes can be effective in a subgroup of individuals.

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May 24, 2021

New fishing tech may pose risks to fisheries

New developments in recreational fishing technology -- from the use of aerial drones and social media scouting reports to advances in hook design -- are creating challenges for fisheries management and effective policy making, according to a new study.

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May 24, 2021

Surge in nitrogen has turned sargassum into the world's largest harmful algal bloom

Using a unique historical baseline (1983-2019), scientists have discovered dramatic changes in the chemistry and composition of Sargassum, floating brown seaweed, transforming this vibrant living organism into a toxic 'dead zone.' Results suggest that increased nitrogen availability from natural and anthropogenic sources, including sewage, is supporting blooms of Sargassum and turning a critical nursery habitat into harmful algal blooms with catastrophic impacts on coastal ecosystems, economies, and human health. Globally, harmful algal blooms are related to increased nutrient pollution.

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May 24, 2021

Risk of second stroke can be reduced with prevention efforts based on cause of first stroke

Having a stroke caused by blocked blood vessels or a transient ischemic attack (TIA) greatly increases your chances of having a future stroke. Identifying the cause or causes of the first stroke is key to developing strategies to prevent additional strokes. Managing blood pressure levels, reducing or quitting smoking, eating a healthy diet, and regular physical activity will reduce the risk of a second stroke, along with managing conditions such as Type 2 diabetes and high cholesterol.

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May 24, 2021

Analyzing the impact of college gameday homes in the American south

Absentee property ownership in many small college football towns has a negative impact on permanent residents of those communities, according to a new study. The research is the first known attempt to quantify and map local geographies of gameday home investments.

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May 24, 2021

Telomere length, a longevity measure, may be determined early in life

One of the first studies to examine telomere length (TL) in childhood finds that the initial setting of TL during prenatal development and in the first years of life may determine one's TL throughout childhood and potentially even into adulthood or older age. The study also finds that TL decreases most rapidly from birth to age 3, followed by a period of maintenance into the pre-puberty period, although it was sometimes seen to lengthen.

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May 24, 2021

Plasma jets reveal magnetic fields far, far away

For the first time, researchers have observed plasma jets interacting with magnetic fields in a massive galaxy cluster 600 million light years away, thanks to the help of radio telescopes and supercomputer simulations. The findings can help clarify how such galaxy clusters evolve.

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May 24, 2021

Implantable piezoelectric polymer improves controlled release of drugs

A membrane made from threads of a polymer commonly used in vascular sutures can be loaded with therapeutic drugs and implanted in the body, where mechanical forces activate the polymer's electric potential and slowly release the drugs. The novel system overcomes the biggest limitations of conventional drug administration and some controlled release methods, and could improve treatment of cancer and other chronic diseases.

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Sunday, May 23, 2021

May 23, 2021

Vast under-treatment of diabetes seen in global study

Nearly half a billion people have diabetes, but most aren't getting the kind of care that could make their lives healthier, longer and more productive, according to a new global study of data from people with the condition. Many don't even know they have the condition. Only 1 in 10 people with diabetes in the 55 low- and middle-income countries studied receive the type of comprehensive care that's been proven to reduce diabetes-related problems.

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Saturday, May 22, 2021

May 22, 2021

Researchers develop advanced model to improve safety of next-generation reactors

When one of the largest modern earthquakes struck Japan on March 11, 2011, the nuclear reactors at Fukushima-Daiichi automatically shut down, as designed. The emergency systems, which would have helped maintain the necessary cooling of the core, were destroyed by the subsequent tsunami. Because the reactor could no longer cool itself, the core overheated, resulting in a severe nuclear meltdown, the likes of which haven't been seen since the Chernobyl disaster in 1986.

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May 22, 2021

New mode of transmission for bacteria

Campylobacter infection, one of the most common foodborne illnesses in the Western world, can also be spread through sexual contact, according to a new research.

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May 22, 2021

Gene that causes canine hereditary deafness in puppies

Researchers have been the first to determine the cause for the nonsyndromic early-onset hereditary canine hearing loss in Rottweilers. The gene defect was identified in a gene relevant to the sense of hearing. The study can also promote the understanding of mechanisms of hearing loss in human.

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May 22, 2021

Neutrons show a connection between lithium concentrations in the brain and depression

Depressive disorders are among the most frequent illnesses worldwide. The causes are complex and to date only partially understood. The trace element lithium appears to play a role. The distribution of lithium in the brains of depressive people is different from the distribution found in healthy humans.

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May 22, 2021

In utero exposure to tiny air pollution particles is linked to asthma in preschoolers

Women who were highly exposed to ultra-fine particles in air pollution during their pregnancy were more likely to have children who developed asthma, according to a new study. This is the first time asthma has been linked with prenatal exposure to this type of air pollution, which is named for its tiny size and which is not regulated or routinely monitored in the United States.

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May 22, 2021

A tripartite-chromosome E. coli strain allows the chromosome isolation and implantation

A group of researchers has succeeded in splitting the E. coli chromosome into three of 1 million base pairs. The 1 million base pairs chromosome can be used for E. coli transformation. This E. coli-based technology has the potential to greatly advance synthetic genomics.

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May 22, 2021

From fire to dust: Plutonium particles from British nuclear testing in outback Australia more complex than previously thought

More than 100 kg of highly toxic uranium (U) and plutonium (Pu) was dispersed in the form of tiny 'hot' radioactive particles after the British detonated nine atomic bombs in remote areas of South Australia, including Maralinga.

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May 22, 2021

Thin is now in to turn terahertz polarization

Physicists make unique broadband polarization rotators with ultrathin carbon nanotube films. The rotators extend to the terahertz, which could simplify devices for use in telecommunications, security and manufacturing.

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May 22, 2021

AI-enabled EKGs find difference between numerical age and biological age significantly affects health

You might be older - or younger - than you think. A new study found that differences between a person's age in years and his or her biological age, as predicted by an artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled EKG, can provide measurable insights into health and longevity.

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May 22, 2021

An updated understanding of how to synthesize value-added chemicals

New research provides an updated understanding of how to add functional groups onto simple hydrocarbons like methane. This new and highly detailed mechanism is a crucial step towards designing the next generation of catalysts and finding scalable approaches for turning greenhouse gases into value-added chemicals.

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May 22, 2021

Taking more steps daily may lead to a longer life

Taking more steps per day, either all at once or in shorter spurts, may help you live longer. The benefits of more daily steps occurred with both uninterrupted bouts of steps (10 minutes or longer) and short spurts such as climbing stairs.

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May 22, 2021

Multi-story buildings made of wood sell for 9% more than other construction in Helsinki

Building more homes and buildings with wood has been on the radar for years as a way to offset carbon emissions, though construction companies have been hesitant to take the material in broader use. A study is now the first to show that building with wood can be a sound investment. The findings show that multi-storied buildings made out of wood sold for an average of 8.85% more than those made from other materials.

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May 22, 2021

Worrying about your heart increases risk for mental health disorders

Latinx young adults who experience heart-focused anxiety could be at greater risk for mental health disorders. New research indicates that heart-focused anxiety among that group is a statistically significant predictor for general depression and overall anxiety.

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May 22, 2021

Parrot poachers striking while the market's hot

'Pretty' parrots are more likely to be snatched up for Indonesia's illegal wildlife trade, a new study reveals. The findings not only expose the key drivers behind the country's illegal trade in these birds, but offer lessons for the potential emergence and spread of infectious diseases that jump from animals to humans.

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May 22, 2021

Making the invisible visible

Researchers use intense laser light in the XUV spectrum to generate second harmonics on a laboratory scale. As the team writes in Science Advances, they were able to achieve this effect for the first time with a laser source on a laboratory scale and thus investigate the surface of a titanium sample down to the atomic level.

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May 22, 2021

E-scooters as a new micro-mobility service

Researchers found that e-scooters provide an important alternative mode of transit in urban areas, with growing utility as a micro-mobility service in Singapore. The researchers' study revealed several implications for more effective harnessing and regulation of e-scooters as a mode of transit, including where to deploy e-scooters to satisfy demand unmet by other modes of transit, and how best to strike a balance between private operators and public welfare.

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May 22, 2021

Solar geoengineering may be effective in alleviating impacts of global warming on crops

Solar geoengineering is not a fix-all for climate change but it could be one of several tools to manage climate risks. A growing body of research has explored the ability of solar geoengineering to reduce physical climate changes. But much less is known about how solar geoengineering could affect the ecosystem and, particularly, agriculture. Now, research finds that solar geoengineering may be surprisingly effective in alleviating some of the worst impacts of global warming on crops.

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May 22, 2021

A stressful life in the city affects birds' genes

Great tits living in cities are genetically different from great tits in the countryside. This is what researchers have found in a unique study, where they examined populations of great tits in nine large European cities.

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May 22, 2021

These cognitive exercises help young children boost their math skills, study shows

Young children who practice visual working memory and reasoning tasks improve their math skills more than children who focus on spatial rotation exercises, according to a large study. The findings support the notion that training spatial cognition can enhance academic performance and that when it comes to math, the type of training matters.

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May 22, 2021

The driving force behind tropical mudslides

Geological knowledge is essential for predicting what areas in a tropical mountain range are more prone to have landslides, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, and the catastrophic consequences that these events might have in the surrounding populations.

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Friday, May 21, 2021

May 21, 2021

Entire genome from Pestera Muierii 1 sequenced

Researchers have successfully sequenced the entire genome from the skull of Pestera Muierii 1, a woman who lived in today's Romania 35,000 years ago. Her high genetic diversity shows that the out of Africa migration was not the great bottleneck in human development but rather this occurred during and after the most recent Ice Age.

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May 21, 2021

Solid-state batteries line up for better performance

Solid-state batteries pack a lot of energy into a small space, but their electrodes are not good at keeping in touch with their electrolytes. Liquid electrolytes reach every nook and cranny of an electrode to spark energy, but liquids take up space without storing energy and fail over time. Researchers are now putting solid electrolytes in touch with electrodes made of strategically arranged materials - at the atomic level - and the results are helping drive better solid-state battery technologies.

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May 21, 2021

Pandemic paleo: A wayward skull, at-home fossil analyses, a first for Antarctic amphibians

Researchers have discovered the first fossil evidence of an ancient amphibian, Micropholis stowi, from Antarctica. Micropholis lived in the Early Triassic, shortly after Earth's largest mass extinction. It was previously known only from fossils in South Africa, and its presence in Antarctica has implications for how amphibians adapted to high-latitude regions in this dynamic period of Earth's history.

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May 21, 2021

Itch insight: Skin itch mechanisms differ on hairless versus hairy skin

Chronic skin itch affects 7% of U.S. adults but until recently neuroscientists considered the mechanisms of skin itch the same. Researchers have uncovered differences in itch on hairy versus non-hairy skin that could lead to more effective treatments for patients with persistent skin itching.

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May 21, 2021

Water treatment: Removing hormones with sunlight

Micropollutants such as steroid hormones contaminate drinking water worldwide. Until now, easily scalable water treatment technologies that remove them efficiently and sustainably have been lacking. Scientists have developed a new chemical process for removing hormones. It takes advantage of the mechanisms of photocatalysis and transforms the pollutants into potentially safe oxidation products.

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May 21, 2021

Nanoparticles: The complex rhythm of chemistry

In order to understand catalysts, we have to understand how chemical reactions evolve on nanoparticles. Different facets of the particles can have different properties, leading to intriguing 'chemical waves'.

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May 21, 2021

A new form of carbon opens door to nanosized wires

A new allotrope of carbon has been produced. Like graphene, it is only one atom thick, but unlike graphene it behaves like a metal even at small scales, ideal for nanosized wires. This result is exciting for engineers trying to develop new carbon-based electronics and the new method demonstrates a novel way to produce other theoretically-designed but not-yet-created forms of nanoscale carbon materials.

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May 21, 2021

Culture influences mask wearing, study finds

Countries and US states more predisposed to collectivist behavior have more people following mask guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic, according to a new study.

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Thursday, May 20, 2021

May 20, 2021

How plants leave behind their parents' genomic baggage

Small chemical 'epigenetic' modifications help plants control their genes. Baby plants erase these modifications to start with a fresh genome every generation. Scientists discovered a gene responsible for reinstalling the beneficial modifications important for survival. Reinstalling these modifications on mobile genetic elements called transposons may explain the diversity of flowering plants.

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May 20, 2021

Most ancient galaxy with spiral morphology discovered

Analyzing data obtained with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), researchers found a galaxy with a spiral morphology by only 1.4 billion years after the Big Bang. This is the most ancient galaxy of its kind ever observed. The discovery of a galaxy with a spiral structure at such an early stage is an important clue to solving the classic questions of astronomy: 'How and when did spiral galaxies form?'

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May 20, 2021

Swifts set new record for swiftness

Swifts aren't called 'swifts' for nothing. They're known for being among the fastest migrating small birds around. When they aren't breeding, common swifts stay in the air most of the time -- up to 10 months of the year. Scientists had thought they travel about 500 kilometers per day on average. Now, new evidence shows that's a conservative estimate.

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May 20, 2021

Self-organizing human heart organoids in a dish

Biologists have used human pluripotent stem cells to grow sesame-seed-sized heart models, called cardioids, that spontaneously self-organize to develop a hollow chamber without the need of experimental scaffolds. This advance allows for the creation of some of the most realistic heart organoids to date.

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May 20, 2021

Independent of IQ, 'decision acuity' predicts broad range of decision-making abilities

A common factor called 'decision acuity' underpins diverse decision-making abilities in adolescents and young adults, suggests a new study. A large set of behavioral and neuroimaging data revealed that decision acuity is stable over time, distinct from IQ, and reduced in individuals with low general social functioning.

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May 20, 2021

Yellowstone National Park is hotter than ever

Yellowstone National Park is famous for harsh winters but a new study shows summers are also getting harsher, with August 2016 ranking as one of the hottest summers in the last 1,250 years.

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May 20, 2021

Moon mission delays could increase risks from solar storms

Although patterns in the timing of moderate space weather events are known, the most extreme and dangerous events were thought to be random in their timing. This study found for the first time that extreme space weather occurs most frequently at predictable times during solar cycles, meaning space missions could be timed to avoid them.

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May 20, 2021

What causes pools below waterfalls to periodically fill with sediment?

Deep pools below waterfalls are popular recreational swimming spots, but sometimes they can be partially or completely filled with sediment. New research showed how and why pools at the base of waterfalls, known as plunge pools, go through natural cycles of sediment fill and evacuation.

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May 20, 2021

Plant consumers play unexpectedly large role in the evolution of seedling success

Scientists have found that herbivores have a lot to say about plant evolution and determining the success of seedlings. The influence of birds, rabbits, mice and other herbivores likely counteracts early plant emergence due to climate change, the researchers found.

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May 20, 2021

Study on bizarre rodent genetics solves a mystery and reveals another

Researchers uncover what one co-author describes as 'the weirdest sex chromosome system known to science': an unassuming vole species whose X and Y chromosomes have fused, switched roles and swapped smaller pieces of DNA. The discovery is a rare exception to mammals' remarkably stable sex determination system.

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May 20, 2021

Heavy metal vapors unexpectedly found in comets throughout our Solar System -- and beyond

A new study has shown that iron and nickel exist in the atmospheres of comets throughout our Solar System, even those far from the Sun. A separate study reported that nickel vapor is also present in the icy interstellar comet 2I/Borisov. This is the first time heavy metals have been found in the cold atmospheres of distant comets.

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May 20, 2021

Fox News Breaking News Alert

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Former President George W. Bush tells Fox News US troop pullout from Afghanistan could spark serious consequences

05/20/21 9:06 AM
May 20, 2021

An illuminating possibility for stroke treatment: Nano-photosynthesis

Blocked blood vessels in the brains of stroke patients prevent oxygen-rich blood from getting to cells, causing severe damage. Plants and some microbes produce oxygen through photosynthesis. What if there was a way to make photosynthesis happen in the brains of patients? Now, researchers have done just that in cells and in mice, using blue-green algae and special nanoparticles, in a proof-of-concept demonstration.

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Wednesday, May 19, 2021

May 19, 2021

The 'Great Dying'

The Paleozoic era culminated 251.9 million years ago in the most severe mass extinction recorded in the geologic record. Known as the 'great dying,' this event saw the loss of up to 96% of all marine species and around 70% of terrestrial species, including plants and insects.

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May 19, 2021

Half of Guadeloupe's snakes and lizards went extinct after European colonization

A new study uses fossil and archaeological archives to demonstrate that colonial era extinctions in Guadeloupe occurred on a much more massive scale than previously thought, with more than 50% of the islands' squamate species disappearing in the centuries after 1492.

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May 19, 2021

Unexpected 'Black Swan' defect discovered in soft matter

Scientists have revealed a single microscopic defect called a 'twin' in a soft-block copolymer using an advanced electron microscopy technique. This defect may be exploited in the future to create materials with novel acoustic and photonic properties.

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May 19, 2021

Test detects childhood tuberculosis a year ahead

Researchers have developed a highly sensitive blood test that can find traces of the bacteria that causes tuberculosis (TB) in infants a year before they develop the deadly disease, according to a new study.

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May 19, 2021

High levels of contaminants in killer whales

Little is known concerning environmental contaminants in predators at the top of a food chain. A study has demonstrated that new types of brominated flame retardants accumulate in the tissues of killer whales near Norway and are also passed on to nursing offspring.

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May 19, 2021

Embryo cryopreservation minimizes cryoinjuries, offers hope for would-be parents

Not all embryo transfers succeed, which gives rise to the practice of freezing extra embryos from an IVF cycle for future transfers. This allows those with at-risk fertility, due to age or treatments such as chemotherapy, to delay their transfer. Researchers introduce a standalone microfluidics system to automate the process of embryo vitrification of replacing water with cryoprotectants, which exposes embryos to a slow and constantly increasing concentration of cryoprotectants.

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May 19, 2021

Adding antibodies to enhance photodynamic therapy for viral and bacterial disease

Photodynamic therapy, or using light to inactivate viruses, bacteria, and other microbes, has garnered promising results in recent decades for treating respiratory tract infections and some types of cancer. Researchers review the existing approaches and propose adding antibodies to enhance PDT efficacy. They provide a model to help expedite overall PDT development as a rapid response to emergent viral pandemic threats.

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May 19, 2021

Wake steering potentially boosts energy production at US wind plants

Wake steering is a strategy employed at wind power plants involving misaligning upstream turbines with the wind direction to deflect wakes away from downstream turbines, which consequently increases the net production of wind power at a plant. Researchers illustrate how wake steering can increase energy production for a large sampling of commercial land-based U.S. wind power plants. Several were ideal candidates.

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May 19, 2021

Synaptic transmission: Not a one-way street

When neuroscientists analyzed the exact properties of nerve connections in the brain, they made a startling observation: At a key connection, or synapse, messages are sent against the usual stream of information. The study reports that the signal glutamate likely plays a role in this unusual transmission.

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May 19, 2021

Electric cars: Special dyes could prevent unnecessary motor replacements

In the near future dyes in electric motors might indicate when cable insulation is becoming brittle and the motor needs replacing. Scientists have developed a new process that enables the dyes to be directly integrated into the insulation. By changing color, they reveal how much the insulating resin layer around the copper wires in the motor has degraded.

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May 19, 2021

Grazing management of salt marshes contributes to coastal defense

Combining natural salt marsh habitats with conventional dikes may provide a more sustainable alternative for fully engineered flood protection. Researchers studied how salt marsh management can be optimized for coastal defense purposes. They found that grazing by both cattle and small herbivores such as geese and hare and artificial mowing can reduce salt marsh erosion, therefore contributing to nature-based coastal defense.

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May 19, 2021

Fox News Breaking News Alert

Fox News Breaking News Alert

Former President George W. Bush tells Fox News that Iran is ‘dangerous’ for world peace by targeting Israel

05/19/21 10:44 AM
May 19, 2021

Fox News Breaking News Alert

Fox News Breaking News Alert

Netanyahu brushes off Biden's call for 'significant de-escalation' in Gaza, says Israel 'determined to continue'

05/19/21 9:26 AM
May 19, 2021

Linguistic and biological diversity linked

Cultural diversity -- indicated by linguistic diversity -- and biodiversity are linked, and their connection may be another way to preserve both natural environments and Indigenous populations in Africa and perhaps worldwide, according to an international team of researchers.

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May 19, 2021

Fox News Breaking News Alert

Fox News Breaking News Alert

Biden tells Israel’s Netanyahu he expects ‘significant de-escalation’ of Gaza conflict Wednesday

05/19/21 7:37 AM
May 19, 2021

What happens in the brain when we imagine the future?

What happens in the brain when people think about the future? Neuroscientist find that two sub-networks play a role. One focuses on creating the new event. Another evaluates whether that event is positive or negative.

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May 19, 2021

A gentler strategy for avoiding childhood dental decay

By targeting the bonds between bacteria and yeast that can form a sticky dental plaque, a new therapeutic strategy could help wash away the build-up while sparing oral tissues, according to a new study.

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May 19, 2021

New framework incorporating renewables and flexible carbon capture

As the global energy demand continues to grow along with atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), there has been a major push to adopt more sustainable and more carbon-neutral energy sources. Solar/wind power and CO2 capture - the process of capturing waste CO2 so it is not introduced into the atmosphere - are two promising pathways for decarbonization, but both have significant drawbacks.

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May 19, 2021

Rechargeable cement-based batteries

Imagine an entire twenty storey concrete building which can store energy like a giant battery. Thanks to unique research, such a vision could someday be a reality. Researchers recently published an article outlining a new concept for rechargeable batteries - made of cement.

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May 19, 2021

When one become two: Separating DNA for more accurate nanopore analysis

A new software tool will help bioinformaticians improve the quality and accuracy of their biological data, and avoid mis-assemblies. The fast, lightweight, user-friendly tool visualizes genome assemblies and gene alignments from the latest next generation sequencing technologies.

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Tuesday, May 18, 2021

May 18, 2021

Did Earth's early rise in oxygen help multicellular life evolve?

Researchers find that oxygenation of Earth's surface is key to the evolution of large, complex multicellular organisms. If cells can access oxygen, they get a big metabolic benefit. However, when oxygen is scarce, it can't diffuse very far into organisms, so there is an evolutionary incentive for multicellular organisms to be small to ensure most of their cells can still access oxygen.

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Monday, May 17, 2021

May 17, 2021

Slow research to understand fast change

A new open-access research collection reveals unexpected lessons drawn from decades of rich data from the Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network.

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May 17, 2021

Proteins that predict future dementia, Alzheimer's risk, identified

The development of dementia late in life is associated with abnormal blood levels of dozens of proteins up to five years earlier, according to a new study. Most of these proteins were not known to be linked to dementia before, suggesting new targets for prevention therapies.

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May 17, 2021

Pet trade may pose threat to bushbaby conservation

At night in southern Africa, primates called bushbabies emit 'spooky' vocalizations that sound a like crying children. What may be even scarier is the possible future facing these adorable creatures.

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May 17, 2021

Four new species of sponge that lay undiscovered in plain sight

The ocean is a big place with many deep, dark mysteries. Humans have mapped no more than 20% of the sea, and explored less. Even the kelp forests of Southern California -- among the best studied patches of ocean on the planet -- hide species not yet described by science.

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May 17, 2021

Air quality linked to increased risk of Alzheimer's

Researchers have found a link between traffic-related air pollution and an increased risk for age-related dementia, including Alzheimer's disease. Their study, based on rodent models, corroborates previous epidemiological evidence showing this association.

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May 17, 2021

New evidence of how and when the Milky Way came together

New research provides the best evidence to date into the timing of how our early Milky Way came together, including the merger with a key satellite galaxy. Using relatively new methods in astronomy, the researchers were able to identify the most precise ages currently possible for a sample of about a hundred red giant stars in the galaxy.

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May 17, 2021

New technology converts waste plastics to jet fuel in an hour

Researchers have developed an innovative way to convert plastics to ingredients for jet fuel and other valuable products, making it easier and more cost effective to reuse plastics. The researchers in their reaction were able to convert 90% of plastic to jet fuel and other valuable hydrocarbon products within an hour at moderate temperatures and to easily fine-tune the process to create the products that they want.

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May 17, 2021

Lipid droplets help protect kidney cells from damage

Researchers have found out how microscopic structures called lipid droplets may help to prevent a high-fat diet causing kidney damage. The work in fruit flies opens up a new research avenue for developing better treatments for chronic kidney disease.

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May 17, 2021

Climate policies, transition risk, and financial stability

The way in which banks react to climate risks and uncertainty could impact financial stability as well as the world's transition to a low-carbon economy. A new study explored the role that banks' expectations about climate-related risks will play in fostering or hindering an orderly low-carbon transition.

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May 17, 2021

Greenland becoming darker, warmer as its snow ages and changes shape

A reduction in the amount of fresh, light-colored snow in parts of Greenland is exposing older, darker snow. The research reports on new weather patterns and explains how the changing shape of snowflakes on the surface is leading to conditions on Greenland's ice sheet, including possibly increased melting.

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May 17, 2021

Global land use more extensive than estimated

Humans leave their 'footprints' on the land area all around the globe. These land-use changes play an important role for nutrition, climate, and biodiversity. Scientists have now combined satellite data with statistics from the past 60 years and found that global land-use changes affect about 32 percent of the land area. This means that they are about four times as extensive as previously estimated.

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May 17, 2021

High-intensity intermittent training improves spatial memory in rats

Despite lower exercise volume, HIIT was as effective as endurance running for improving exercise capacity and spatial memory. Researchers found that activity-specific physiological adaptations in the muscles and increased signaling and neurogenesis in the hippocampus underlie these improvements. Findings also suggested that benefits can potentially be optimized by tailoring exercise time and intensity.

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May 17, 2021

Cypriot grapes perform well in heat and on taste

Researchers have found several grape varieties native to Cyprus, which tolerate drought conditions better than some international varieties popular in Australia, contain chemical compounds responsible for flavors preferred by consumers.

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May 17, 2021

Rare COVID-19 response in children explained

One of the enduring mysteries of the COVID-19 pandemic is why most children tend to experience fewer symptoms than adults after infection with the coronavirus. The immune system response that occurs in the rare cases in which children experience life-threatening reactions after infection may offer an important insight, a new study suggests.

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May 17, 2021

Clinical trial suggests convalescent plasma may improve survival with severe COVID-19

A randomized double-blind controlled trial of convalescent plasma for adults hospitalized with severe COVID-19 found that mortality at 28 days in the treatment arm was half the rate seen in the control arm (12.6 percent vs. 24.6 percent), although treatment was not associated with other improvements in clinical status.

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May 17, 2021

Preemie boys age faster as men, study shows

Using an epigenetic clock, the researchers looked at the genes of 45 of those who were ELBW babies along with 47 who were normal birth weight when they were age 30 to 35 to compare their biological age, controlling for chronic health problems and sensory impairments.

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May 17, 2021

COVID-19 vaccination: Thrombosis can be prevented by prompt treatment, researchers report

A rare syndrome has been observed in people following vaccination against COVID-19. This involves thrombosis at unusual sites in the body, associated with a low thrombocyte count and a clotting disorder. In medical jargon, this syndrome is referred to as VITT (vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia). Doctors at MedUni Vienna and Vienna General Hospital have now successfully treated an acute instance of this syndrome.

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May 17, 2021

How plankton hold secrets to preventing pandemics

Whether it's plankton exposed to parasites or people exposed to pathogens, a host's initial immune response plays an integral role in determining whether infection occurs and to what degree it spreads within a population, new research suggests.

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May 17, 2021

Above the noise: Nanopore sensing

Researchers use deep learning to reduce noise in the electrical current data collected from nanopores, which may lead to higher precision measurements when working with very tiny experiments or medical diagnostics.

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May 17, 2021

New epigenetic regulatory mechanisms involved in multiple myeloma growth

An international team of researchers has analyzed the function of the histone demethylase KDM5A in multiple myeloma, one of the three major hematological cancers, and clarified the mechanism by which it promotes myeloma cell proliferation. They also developed a novel KDM5 inhibitor and showed that it inhibits cancer cell growth in a myeloma mouse model. The researchers expect that new therapies targeting KDM5A will be developed in the future.

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May 17, 2021

Shortcut for dendritic cells

During an inflammatory response, things need to happen quickly: researchers have recently discovered that certain immune cells that function as security guards can use a shortcut to get from the tissue to lymph nodes.

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May 17, 2021

Save our oceans to protect our health: Scientists call for global action plan

An interdisciplinary European collaboration called the Seas Oceans and Public Health In Europe (SOPHIE) Project has outlined the initial steps that a wide range of organizations could take to work together to protect the largest connected ecoInsystem on Earth. They call for the current UN Ocean Decade to act as a meaningful catalyst for global change, reminding us that ocean health is intricately linked to human health.

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May 17, 2021

The incredible return of Griffon Vulture to Bulgaria's Eastern Balkan Mountains

Considered extinct from the Eastern Balkan Mountains of Bulgaria in the 1970s, the Griffon Vulture has claimed the area back with 23-25 breeding pairs, distributed in five different colonies and two more frequently used roosting sites. This astonishing success was achieved through an ambitious long-term restoration program and the release of 153 vultures between 2010-2020.

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Sunday, May 16, 2021

May 16, 2021

Simple surgery prevents strokes in heart patients

The study tracked 4,811 people in 27 countries who are living with atrial fibrillation and taking blood thinners. Consenting patients undertaking cardiopulmonary bypass surgery were randomly selected for the additional left atrial appendage occlusion surgery; their outcomes compared with those who only took medicine. They were all followed for a median of four years.

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