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Friday, November 30, 2018

November 30, 2018

Clues to brain changes in depression

In new pre-clinical research, scientists at the University of Maryland School of Medicine (UMSOM), led by Scott Thompson, PhD, Professor of Physiology, have identified changes in brain activity linked to the pleasure and reward system.

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November 30, 2018

A new light on significantly faster computer memory devices

A team of scientists now has an explanation of how a particular phase-change memory (PCM) material can work one thousand times faster than current flash computer memory, while being significantly more durable with respect to the number of daily read-writes.

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November 30, 2018

The future of fighting cancer: Zapping tumors in less than a second

New accelerator-based technology aims to reduce the side effects of cancer radiation therapy by shrinking its duration from minutes to under a second. Built into future compact medical devices, technology developed for high-energy physics could also help make radiation therapy more accessible around the world.

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November 30, 2018

Cellular gene signatures for heart muscle regeneration

A research team has used a transcriptomic approach -- studying what genes are expressed -- to identify gene signatures of cell subpopulations identified as atrial-like or ventricular-like. This understanding could lead to regenerative therapy discoveries for the millions of people living with damaged heart muscle caused by heart attacks or other chronic heart conditions.

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November 30, 2018

Force Push VR brings Jedi powers to life

Force Push provides a more physical, nuanced experience than traditional hand controllers allow in VR. It responds to the speed and magnitude of hand gestures to accelerate or decelerate objects in a way that users can understand intuitively.

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November 30, 2018

Brilliant iron molecule could provide cheaper solar energy

For the first time, researchers have succeeded in creating an iron molecule that can function both as a photocatalyst to produce fuel and in solar cells to produce electricity. The results indicate that the iron molecule could replace the more expensive and rarer metals used today.

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November 30, 2018

New knowledge of pubertal growth

In monitoring and prediction of children's growth, the spurt in puberty is often considered too variable to be predictable. However, new findings and methods enable a better picture of how children and adolescents grow, especially during puberty.

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November 30, 2018

Planting more hedgerows and trees could help bees thrive once again

Planting more hedgerows and trees could hold the key to helping UK bees thrive once again, a new study argues. And researchers suggest artificial intelligence could be used as a tool to design our landscapes so that trees, hedgerows and wildflowers are planted in the right place and the right numbers to ensure our pollinators have enough food.

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November 30, 2018

New research questions fish stocking obligations

Fish stocking as a fisheries compensation method in hydropower operations no longer meets latest legal and scientific requirements, according to a new study. The study focuses on ecological flows from the viewpoints of law and biology.

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November 30, 2018

New information about infant brain structure

Infant brain development is still poorly understood. Thus, research on the topic is vital as developing brains are sensitive to early environmental factors.

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November 30, 2018

Light triggers gold in unexpected way

Researchers have discovered a fundamentally different form of light-matter interaction in their experiments with gold nanoparticles. The discovery may become useful in the development of next-generation, ultrasmall optical components for computers and antennas.

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November 30, 2018

How you respond to drama depends on if you are a holistic or analytical thinker

Researchers showed volunteers the film My Sister's Keeper on a screen while the research subjects were lying down in an MRI scanner. The study compared the volunteers' brain activity, and concluded that holistic thinkers saw the film more similarly with each other than analytical thinkers. In addition, holistic thinkers processed the film's moral issues and factual connections within the film more similarly with each other than the analytical thinkers.

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November 30, 2018

Great strides for carbon capture using earth-abundant elements as photocatalytic system

Researchers at Tokyo Tech have designed a CO2 reduction method based only on commonly occurring elements. Achieving a 57 percent overall quantum yield of CO2 reduction products, it is the highest performing system of its kind reported to date, raising prospects for cost-effective carbon capture solutions.

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November 30, 2018

A bastard seal from the past reveals the potential for human hybrids

If discovered as fossils, grey and ringed seals are so different that they could be classified as belonging to different families. Yet, a seal pup born in 1929 was found to be an almost perfect intermediate between the species. Compared to Neanderthals and modern humans, grey and ringed seals are genetically and dentally at least twice as different, suggesting that there may be more fossil human hybrids to be discovered.

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November 30, 2018

Is being a night owl bad for your health?

In the first ever international review of studies analysing whether being an early riser or a night owl can influence your health, researchers have uncovered a growing body of evidence indicating an increased risk of ill health in people with an evening preference as they have more erratic eating patterns and consume more unhealthy foods.

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November 30, 2018

African-American mothers rate boys higher for ADHD

African-American children often are reported by parents and teachers to display behaviors of ADHD at a higher rate than children from other racial and ethnic groups. For the first time, researchers have found that African-American mothers in a study rated boys as displaying more frequent ADHD symptoms than Caucasian mothers did, regardless of child race.

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November 30, 2018

Greenhouse gas 'detergent' recycles itself in atmosphere

A simple molecule in the atmosphere that acts as a 'detergent' to breakdown methane and other greenhouse gases has been found to recycle itself to maintain a steady global presence in the face of rising emissions, according to new research. Understanding its role in the atmosphere is critical for determining the lifetime of methane, a powerful contributor to climate change.

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November 30, 2018

Bigger brains are smarter, but not by much

Using a large dataset and controlling for a variety of factors, including sex, age, height, socioeconomic status, and genetic ancestry, scientists found that people with larger brains rated higher on measures of intelligence and educational attainment. Size was far from everything, however, explaining only about two percent of the variation in smarts.

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November 30, 2018

Cancer drug may help treat human papillomavirus infections

Preclinical experiments suggest the cancer drugs vorinostat, belinostat and panobinostat might be repurposed to treat infections caused by human papillomaviruses, or HPVs. Highly efficacious vaccines against HPV infection exist -- including the recently approved Gardasil 9, which immunizes against nine genotypes of HPV known to cause cervical, vulvar, vaginal and anal cancers. But the vaccine needs to be given before a person becomes sexually active, since it has no therapeutic efficacy against existing HPV infections.

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November 30, 2018

Light pollution may cause insomnia in older adults

A new study is the first population-based investigation to report a significant association between artificial, outdoor light exposure at night and insomnia, as indicated by older adults' use of hypnotic drugs.

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November 30, 2018

Researchers alleviate Schizophrenia symptoms in new mouse models

Does all the tinkering in young mice hamper their brain development, causing schizophrenia-like symptoms? Or, do their brain cells develop normally, but in adulthood struggle to communicate? Researchers need to know whether to focus their efforts on brain cell development or communication, or both, because the answer to these questions implies different therapeutic approaches.

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November 30, 2018

Many diseases increase the risks of hip fracture surgery

Parkinson's disease, osteoarthritis, rheumatic diseases, alcoholism and mental health disorders increase the risk of surgical complications after a hip fracture surgery, a new study analyzing nationwide registers finds. 4.6 percent of all hip surgery patients and 10 percent of total hip replacement surgery patients experienced surgical complications within three months following their surgery.

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November 30, 2018

To image leaky atmosphere, NASA rocket team heads north

Earth's atmosphere is leaking, but how does oxygen get the energy to escape to space? NASA's VISIONS-2 rocket will soon launch into the unique magnetic environment near the North Pole in pursuit of an answer.

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November 30, 2018

Why patients lie to their doctors

Up to 80 percent of those surveyed have lied to their doctor about information that could impact their health, including accurately describing their diet and how often they exercise. When survey participants explained their reasoning for doing so, they said that they wanted to avoid being judged and didn't want to be lectured about how bad certain behaviors were.

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November 30, 2018

A new way to see stress -- using supercomputers

Supercomputer simulations show that at the atomic level, material stress doesn't behave symmetrically. Widely-used atomic stress formulae significantly underestimate stress near stress concentrators such as dislocation core, crack tip, or interface, in a material under deformation. Supercomputers simulate force interactions of Lennard-Jones perfect single crystal of 240,000 atoms. Study findings could help scientists design new materials such as glass or metal that doesn't ice up.

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November 30, 2018

Towards a treatment for gluten intolerance

Celiac disease is a severe autoimmune disorder of the intestine. It occurs when people develop sensitivity to gluten, a substance found in wheat, rye, and barley. Medical researchers have now uncovered a new molecular player in the development of gluten intolerance. Their discovery suggests potential targets for the development of therapeutic approaches for the disease.

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November 30, 2018

The physics of extracting gas from shale formations

Scientists have distilled the current state of knowledge regarding the multi-scale flow processes occurring during shale gas extraction. This know-how is deemed essential for improving gas recovery and lowering production costs.

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November 30, 2018

Fox News Breaking News Alert

Fox News Breaking News Alert

Dallas police officer who shot unarmed black man inside apartment indicted on murder charge, court records show

11/30/18 12:17 PM
November 30, 2018

Switch for the regeneration of nerve cell insulation

An international research team has discovered a mechanism that regulates the regeneration of the insulating layer of neurites. This insulation coating, also referred to as myelin sheath, is crucial for rapid signal transmission among cells. Damages to the myelin sheath, such as are caused by multiple sclerosis, can considerably inhibit the function of the nervous system.

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November 30, 2018

Newly discovered supernova complicates origin story theories

A supernova discovered by an international group of astronomers provides an unprecedented look at the first moments of a violent stellar explosion. The light from the explosion's first hours showed an unexpected pattern, which astronomers analyzed to reveal that the genesis of these phenomena is even more mysterious than previously thought.

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November 30, 2018

Focus on resistance to HIV offers insight into how to fight the virus

Of the 40 million people around the world infected with HIV, less than one per cent have immune systems strong enough to suppress the virus for extended periods of time. These special immune systems are known as "elite controllers." But how do they actually fight HIV? Scientists now think they've found an important clue.

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November 30, 2018

Searching an artificial bee colony for real-world results

The artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is widely applied in many fields, but it suffers from slow convergence, so its solutions perform well in exploration but poorly in exploitation. Researchers proposed a scale-free mechanism to guide the search of the ABC algorithm. They verified that scale-free networks improve the algorithm's optimization performance and enhance the search ability of other metaheuristic algorithms.

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November 30, 2018

Black hole 'donuts' are actually 'fountains'

Based on computer simulations and new observations from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), researchers have found that the rings of gas surrounding active supermassive black holes are not simple donut shapes. Instead, gas expelled from the center interacts with infalling gas to create a dynamic circulation pattern, similar to a water fountain in a city park.

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November 30, 2018

Mischievous responders taint LGBQ health estimates in national survey

Many research studies have reported on the elevated health risk and deviance of youth who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or questioning (LGBQ) but a new study using national data suggests that many of those estimates may be overstated and that LGBQ youth risk and deviance is not as different from heterosexual youth as many studies claim.

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November 30, 2018

Immune checkpoints could be key to treating autoimmune disease myasthenia gravis

The PD-1 immune checkpoint is essential for self-recognition by the immune system, with disruption of the pathway associated with several autoimmune disorders. However, the involvement of PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 in muscle-weakening autoimmune disease myasthenia gravis is unclear. Now, researchers have linked increased PD-L1 expression in the muscles of myasthenia gravis patients with disease severity and shown that this could ultimately help control the immune response and modulate disease symptoms.

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November 30, 2018

Babies kicking in the womb are creating a map of their bodies

The kicks a mother feels from her unborn child may allow the baby to 'map' their own body and enable them to eventually explore their surroundings, suggests new research. For the study, researchers measured brainwaves produced when newborns kick their limbs during rapid eye movement sleep, finding that fast brainwaves -- a brainwave pattern typically seen in neonates -- fire in the corresponding hemisphere.

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Thursday, November 29, 2018

November 29, 2018

How the devil ray got its horns

If you ever find yourself staring down a manta ray, you'll probably notice two things right away: its massive fins and the two fleshy growths curling out of its head that give it the nickname 'devil ray.' A new study shows that these two very different features have the same origin -- a discovery that reflects an important lesson for understanding the diversity of life.

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November 29, 2018

Certain state lawmakers aim to loosen childhood vaccine requirements, but legal barriers persist

An analysis of proposed vaccine legislation between 2011 and 2017 shows that although the majority of proposed bills would have allowed more parents to exempt their children from school immunization requirements, those that favored vaccines were more likely to become law.

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November 29, 2018

An opioid epidemic may be looming in Mexico -- and the US may be partly responsible

Though opioid use in Mexico has been low, national and international factors are converging and a threat of increased drug and addiction rates exists. Many of these factors may have originated in the US, making this a potential joint US-Mexico epidemic. The authors of this analytic essay came to this conclusion based on a study of published academic literature, Mexican federal documents and guidelines, and news reports pertaining to opioid use in Mexico.

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November 29, 2018

The whole of Africa was the cradle of humankind

A new study breaks with the paradigm that the cradle of humankind lies in East Africa, based on the archaeological remains found at sites in the region of Ain Hanech (Algeria), the oldest currently known in the north of Africa. New research shows that ancestral hominins actually made stone tools in North Africa that are near contemporary with the earliest known stone tools in East Africa dated to 2.6 million years.

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November 29, 2018

Triple combination cancer immunotherapy improves outcomes in preclinical melanoma model

In adoptive cell transfer immunotherapy, T cells able to recognize a tumor are harvested, expanded in the laboratory, and then reintroduced to attack the tumor. However, they often do not persist long enough to finish the job. A triple combination regimen of adoptive T cell transfer, a PIM kinase inhibitor, and a PD1 inhibitor improved T cell persistence and tumor control in a mouse model of melanoma, report investigators.

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November 29, 2018

Mammal-like milk provisioning and parental care discovered in jumping spider

Researchers report milk provisioning in Toxeus magnus (Araneae: Salticidae), a jumping spider that mimics ants. Milk provisioning in T. magnus involves a specialized organ over an extended period, similar to mammalian lactation. The study demonstrated that mammal-like milk provisioning and parental care for sexually mature offspring have also evolved in invertebrates.

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November 29, 2018

Quirky glacial behavior explained

In August 2012, the Jakobshavn Glacier was flowing and breaking off into the sea at record speeds, three times faster than in previous years. As the glacier flowed faster, it became thinner and more unstable and in a twist, a pileup of thick ice replenished the glacier's terminus, slowing it down again. New work explaining the fast-then-slow movement of Jakobshavn may help scientists better predict how tidewater glaciers contribute to sea level rise.

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November 29, 2018

How viruses hijack part of your immune system and use it against you

An enzyme intended to prevent autoimmune disease can be hijacked and used by some viruses to avoid immune detection. There's also good news. The same team also defined how much viral genetic material is needed to reverse the process and instead activate the immune system against the virus.

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November 29, 2018

It's not a shock: Better bandage promotes powerful healing

A new, low-cost wound dressing could dramatically speed up healing in a surprising way. The method leverages energy generated from a patient's own body motions to apply gentle electrical pulses at the site of an injury.

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November 29, 2018

Thriving reef fisheries continue to provide food despite coral bleaching

The unexpected results of a 20-year study into reef fisheries showed fisheries being maintained despite extreme coral bleaching. Remarkably, rapid proliferation of fishes with low dependence on corals led to catches remaining stable or even increasing. But the results also showed fishing success was 'patchy' and more dependent on fewer species.

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November 29, 2018

Whales lost their teeth before evolving hair-like baleen in their mouths

Rivaling the evolution of feathers in dinosaurs, one of the most extraordinary transformations in the history of life was the evolution of baleen -- rows of flexible hair-like plates that blue whales, humpbacks and other marine mammals use to filter relatively tiny prey from gulps of ocean water. Now, scientists have discovered an important intermediary link in the evolution of this innovative feeding strategy: an ancient whale that had neither teeth nor baleen.

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November 29, 2018

Revealing hidden information in sound waves

By essentially turning down the pitch of sound waves, engineering researchers have devised a way to unlock greater amounts of data from acoustic fields than ever before.

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November 29, 2018

Toolbox for studying the existence of animal cultures

Fruit flies possess all of the cognitive capacities needed to culturally transmit their sexual preferences across generations, according to researchers. Their study provides the first experimental toolbox for studying the existence of animal cultures, thereby opening up an entire field of research.

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November 29, 2018

When good macrophages go bad

Researchers have discover how some cancer cells communicate with macrophages to protect tumors.

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November 29, 2018

How prions invade the brain

The spread of prions to the brain does not occur by direct transmission across the blood-brain barrier, according to a new study. As noted by the authors, insights into how prions enter the brain could lead to the development of effective strategies to prevent neurodegeneration, even after infection outside the nervous system has already taken place.

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November 29, 2018

What happens when materials take tiny hits

A team of researchers has just accomplished the first detailed high-speed imaging and analysis of the microparticle impact process, and used that data to predict when the particles will bounce away, stick, or knock material off the surface and weaken it.

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November 29, 2018

Effective new target for mood-boosting brain stimulation found

Researchers have found an effective target in the brain for electrical stimulation to improve mood in people suffering from depression. Stimulation of a brain region called the lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) reliably produced acute improvement in mood in patients who suffered from depression at the start of the study.

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November 29, 2018

Six antibodies produced to combat Zika virus

Researchers have generated six Zika virus antibodies that could be used to test for and possibly treat a mosquito-borne disease that has infected more than 1.5 million people worldwide.

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November 29, 2018

Climate change risks 'extinction domino effect'

New research reveals the extinction of plant or animal species from extreme environmental change increases the risk of an 'extinction domino effect' that could annihilate all life on Earth. This would be the worst-case scenario of what scientists call 'co-extinctions', where an organism dies out because it depends on another doomed species.

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November 29, 2018

Ending the HIV epidemic: Where does Europe stand?

From diagnosis of HIV to successful viral suppression: Researchers summarize the progress towards HIV elimination in 52 countries in Europe and Central Asia. The main issues: diagnosing those who are unaware of their HIV infection and treating them.

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November 29, 2018

New research could fine-tune the gene scissors CRISPR

When researchers and doctors use the tool CRISPR to correct genetic errors, it may have side effects on the human genome. Now, researchers have learned how the molecular machinery behind CRISPR works and thus expect to be able to fine-tune CRISPR and remove the undesired effects.

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November 29, 2018

How a rat and bat helped heal a 90-year cultural rift

Mammalogists went to the Solomon Islands in search of a giant rat and monkey-faced bat -- and ended up playing a role in fostering peace between the Kwaio people of Malaita and the Western world. A reconciliation ceremony between the Kwaio and Australian scientists began the healing process for acts of violence committed in 1927, when the Solomon Islands were a British protectorate.

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November 29, 2018

HIV in liver cells found to be inactive, narrowing potential treatment targets

In a proof-of-principle study, researchers revealed that certain immune system cells found in the human liver, called liver macrophages, contain only inert HIV and aren't likely to reproduce infection on their own in HIV-infected people on long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART). ART is a regimen containing combinations of HIV-targeting drugs that prevents the growth of the virus but does not eradicate it.

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November 29, 2018

Fox News Breaking News Alert

Fox News Breaking News Alert

President Trump cancels meeting at G20 with Russian President Vladimir Putin over Ukraine tensions

11/29/18 8:44 AM
November 29, 2018

Hidden biodiversity: 22 new moth species from across Europe

Following a long-year study of the family of twirler moths, scientists have discovered a startling total of 44 new species, including as many as 22 species inhabiting various regions throughout Europe. Given that the Old Continent is the most extensively researched one, their findings pose fundamental questions about our knowledge of biodiversity.

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November 29, 2018

An important step towards completely secure quantum communication networks

The quest for a secure information network is on. Researchers have recently succeeded in boosting the storage time of quantum information, using a small glass container filled with room temperature atoms, taking an important step towards a secure quantum encoded distribution network.

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November 29, 2018

Safer and cheaper 3D medical imaging

A new study has discovered a promising way to significantly lower doses of X-rays that has the potential to revolutionize 3D medical imaging and make screening for early signs of disease much cheaper and safer.

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November 29, 2018

High-contrast imaging for cancer therapy with protons

Medical physicists have combined magnetic resonance imaging with a proton beam, thus demonstrating that in principle, this commonly used imaging method can indeed work with particle beam cancer treatments. This opens up new opportunities for targeted, healthy tissue-sparing cancer therapy.

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November 29, 2018

How skin cancer cells sidestep the immune system

Researchers have discovered a new signal pathway employed by skin cancer cells to avoid attack by the immune system. In an animal model and through analysis of human tissue samples, researchers were able to demonstrate the significant role played by a specific protein called ICER. Tumors grow less rapidly when ICER is not present.

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November 29, 2018

Sweet lysine degradation

Researchers have gained fundamental new insights into the degradation of the amino acid lysine -- carcinogenic oncometabolites as intermediate products.

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November 29, 2018

New study reveals common table salt may have been crucial for the origins of life

It remains unknown how life began on Earth. It is believed that simple molecules in the early environment became complexified by the input of ambient energy. Researchers found that compounds useful for the synthesis of RNA are produced with the help of sodium chloride - table salt. This work may provide insight on how RNA arose abiotically on early Earth.

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November 29, 2018

Stone tools linked to ancient human ancestors in Arabia have surprisingly recent date

Beginning more than 1.5 million years ago, early humans made stone handaxes in a style known as the Acheulean - the longest lasting tool-making tradition in prehistory. New research has documented an Acheulean presence in the Arabian Peninsula dating to less than 190,000 years ago, revealing that the Arabian Acheulean ended just before or at the same time as the earliest Homo sapiens dispersals into the region.

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November 29, 2018

Soil tilling, mulching key to China's potato crop

In the Loess Plateau region of northwestern China, potato is the main food crop. However, the area has a dry climate with uneven precipitation. Researchers are finding the best combination of tillage and mulching practices to increase yield.

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November 29, 2018

New catalyst produces cheap hydrogen fuel

Chemistry researchers have discovered cheaper and more efficient materials for producing hydrogen for the storage of renewable energy that could replace current water-splitting catalysts.

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November 29, 2018

Modified malaria drug proven effective at inhibiting Ebola

Researchers have discovered that certain derivatives of amodiaquine, a medication typically used to treat malaria, could provide a new therapeutic approach to treating patients infected with Ebola virus disease by blocking the viruses from entering cells.

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November 29, 2018

Newly diagnosed AML in older adults: Results for venetoclax

Clinical trial results show a 91 percent response rate to the combination of venetoclax with azacitidine in older adults newly diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Of 33 patients given combination venetoclax and azacitidine, 20 experienced a complete response (aka complete remission) and eight experienced a complete response but with continued low blood counts.

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November 29, 2018

Forest fragmentation disrupts parasite infection in Australian lizards

In a study with implications for biodiversity and the spread of infectious diseases, ecologists have demonstrated that deforestation and habitat fragmentation can decrease transmission of a parasitic nematode in a particular species of Australian lizard, the pale-flecked garden sunskink.

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November 29, 2018

Snoring poses greater cardiac risk to women

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and snoring may lead to earlier impairment of cardiac function in women than in men, according to a new study. Moreover, the findings suggested that OSA may be vastly underdiagnosed among snorers.

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November 29, 2018

What seabirds can tell us about the tide

Razorbill tag data revealed that, at night, these seabirds spent a lot of their time idle on the sea surface. 'We saw this as an opportunity to (...) test if the birds might be drifting with the tidal current,' says one of the researchers. It turns out they were, according to a new Ocean Science study that shows the potential of using seabirds to measure ocean currents.

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November 29, 2018

Stuck in a loop of wrongness: Brain study shows roots of OCD

No one knows what drives people with obsessive-compulsive disorder to do what they do, even when they're aware that they shouldn't do it, and when it interferes with normal life. That lack of understanding means about half can't find effective treatment. But a new analysis of brain scans from hundreds of people with OCD, and people without it, may help. Larger than previous studies, it pinpoints brain areas and processes linked to OCD's repetitive behaviors.

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November 29, 2018

A prosthetic arm that decodes phantom limb movements

About 75 percent of amputees exhibit mobility of their phantom limb. Using this information, researchers have developed a prototype capable of detecting these movements and activating a prosthetic arm. The prosthesis does not require any surgery and patients do not need training.

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Wednesday, November 28, 2018

November 28, 2018

Virtual library of 1 million new macrolide scaffolds could help speed drug discovery

Researchers have created the largest publicly available virtual library of macrolide scaffolds. The library -- called V1M -- contains chemical structures and computed properties for 1 million macrolide scaffolds with potential for use as antibiotics or cancer drugs.

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November 28, 2018

Flounder now tumor-free in Boston Harbor

In the late 1980s, more than three-quarters of the winter flounder caught in Boston Harbor -- one of the most polluted harbors in America -- showed signs of liver disease, many of them with cancerous tumors. But now, scientists have documented a dramatic rebound in flounder health spurred by decades of remediation efforts.

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November 28, 2018

Healthy? Stay fit to avoid a heart attack

Even if you are a fit and healthy person with no signs of any heart or blood vessel disease, low cardiorespiratory fitness could be a warning sign of future problems, according to a new study.

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November 28, 2018

Children who start school a year early more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD

Children who enter elementary school younger than their peers are more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD. Children born in August in states with a Sept. 1 cutoff birth date for school enrollment have a 30 percent higher risk for ADHD diagnosis than peers born in September, which may reflect over-diagnosis.

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November 28, 2018

Researchers rise to challenge of predicting hail, tornadoes three weeks in advance

A prediction lead time of about 2 to 5 weeks is sorely lacking in current forecasting capabilities for severe weather. Atmospheric scientists now demonstrate the ability to make skillful predictions of severe weather across the Plains and southeastern United States, including hail and tornadoes, in that coveted ''subseasonal'' time scale. To do it, they use a reliable tropical weather pattern called the Madden-Julian Oscillation, which can influence weather in distant parts of the Earth.

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November 28, 2018

Baby up at night? Inactivity may be a culprit

New research suggests babies who are less active get less sleep, something new parents may want to consider when looking for possible solutions for the long, sleepless nights.

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November 28, 2018

Whale songs' changing pitch may be response to population, climate changes

Blue whales have been dropping pitch incrementally over several decades, but the cause has remained a mystery. A new study finds a seasonal variation in the whales' pitch correlated with breaking sea ice in the southern Indian Ocean. The new research also extends the mysterious long-term falling pitch to related baleen whales and rules out noise pollution as the cause of the global long-term trend, according to the study's authors.

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November 28, 2018

To replicate physical objects for virtual reality, just turn on your smartphone

A global team of computer scientists have developed a novel method that replicates physical objects for the virtual and augmented reality space just using a point-and-shoot camera with a flash, without the need for additional, and oftentimes expensive, supporting hardware.

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November 28, 2018

New device widens light beams by 400 times

Scientists have now developed a highly efficient device that enlarges the diameter of a light beam by 400 times. Wider light beams have many applications, including boosting the speed and sensitivity of medical imaging and diagnostic procedures.

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November 28, 2018

Views of ideal female appearance in China are changing

A researcher found that young women in China, living in a rapidly changing society with more personal independence, disposable income and exposure to Western media than ever before, are also altering their views of female beauty. Her research aims to determine whether these factors are leading to increasing body image concerns such as eating disorders and weight and shape concerns that have been reported in Asia.

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November 28, 2018

US groundwater in peril: Potable supply less than thought

Many rural areas in parts of the US rely exclusively on groundwater for both agricultural and domestic use. Drilling deeper wells may not be a good long-term solution to compensate for increasing demands on groundwater, because there is potential for contamination of deep fresh and brackish water in areas where the oil and gas industry injects wastewaters into or in close proximity to aquifers.

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November 28, 2018

Checkmating tumors

Chess and cancer research have one thing in common: one must act strategically to defeat the opponent. And that's exactly what scientists are doing. They are seeking to selectively make only those cancer cells aggressive that would otherwise evade chemotherapy -- and then lure them into a trap.

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November 28, 2018

High-throughput platform enables activity mapping of emerging cancer drug targets

A powerful new biochemical platform is fueling the study of a family of enzymes that are promising targets for cancer treatment. The new method provides a high-resolution view of how these enzymes, called lysine methyltransferases, selectively mark proteins with chemical tags that alter their function. Because of their central role in health and disease, proteins and the molecules that edit and interact with them often are targets for therapeutic development.

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November 28, 2018

'Stash your trash,' say rat researchers

Rat complaints are indicators of rat abundance, finds a new study -- as are the availability of uncontained garbage and neighborhoods with a high rate of rental units (vs. owned).

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November 28, 2018

Easy to use 3D bioprinting technique creates lifelike tissues from natural materials

Bioengineers have developed a 3D bioprinting technique that works with natural materials and is easy to use, allowing researchers of varying levels of technical expertise to create lifelike tissues, such as blood vessels and a vascularized gut. The goal is to make human organ models that can be studied outside the body or used to test new drugs ex vivo.

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November 28, 2018

Re-programming the body's energy pathway boosts kidney self-repair

A team of researchers has discovered a pathway for enhancing the self-repair efforts of injured kidneys. The finding may pave the way for new drugs to stop or even reverse the progression of serious kidney disease in humans -- and other potentially lethal conditions of the heart, liver, and brain as well.

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November 28, 2018

Why does second-hand experience of neighborhood violence affect some youth, but not others?

Neighborhood violence has been associated with adverse health effects on youth, including sleep loss, asthma and metabolic syndrome. Yet some youth living in high-crime neighborhoods manage to avoid these effects. A new study aims to answer a resilience puzzle: Why does a second-hand or indirect experience of neighborhood violence affect some youth, but not others?

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November 28, 2018

Next step towards replacement therapy in type 1 diabetes

Scientists have discovered the signals that determine the fate of immature cells in the pancreas. This breakthrough will facilitate the manufacturing of pancreatic islet cells from stem cells and might help combating type 1 diabetes.

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November 28, 2018

When a city feels good, people take more risks

What makes people take risks? Not stunt women or Formula 1 drivers. Just ordinary people like you and me. Research suggests that unexpected improvements in everyday life (sunshine after many days of rain or a win by a local sports team) are correlated with a change in a city's mood and an increased likelihood that it's citizens will do risky things like gamble.

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November 28, 2018

Fossil algae reveal 500 million years of climate change

Scientists have succeeded in developing a new indicator (proxy) of ancient CO2 levels, using the organic molecule phytane, a debris product of chlorophyll. This new organic proxy not only provides the most continuous record of CO2 concentrations ever, it also breaks a record in its time span, covering half a billion years.

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November 28, 2018

Atomic jet: First lens for extreme-ultraviolet light developed

Scientists have developed the first refractive lens that focuses extreme ultraviolet beams. Instead of using a glass lens, which is non-transparent in the extreme-ultraviolet region, the researchers have demonstrated a lens that is formed by a jet of atoms. The results provide novel opportunities for the imaging of biological samples on the shortest timescales.

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November 28, 2018

Cod: Loss of breeding grounds in warmer world

The chances of survival for the offspring of important fish species will dramatically worsen, if the 1.5 ° C target of the Paris Climate Agreement is not achieved.

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November 28, 2018

Atomic clocks now keep time well enough to improve models of Earth

Experimental atomic clocks have now achieved three new performance records, now ticking precisely enough to not only improve timekeeping and navigation, but also detect faint signals from gravity, the early universe and perhaps even dark matter.

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November 28, 2018

Great apes and ravens plan without thinking

Planning and self control in animals do not require human-like mental capacities, according to a new study. Newly developed learning models, similar to models within artificial intelligence research, show how planning in ravens and great apes can develop through prior experiences without any need of thinking.

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November 28, 2018

Researchers map light and sound wave interactions in optical fibers

Earlier this year researchers developed sensing protocols that allow optical fibers to 'listen' outside an optical fiber where they cannot 'look', based on an interplay between light waves and ultrasound. Now they have constructed a measurement protocol that can map local power levels of multiple optical wave components over many kilometers of fiber. This new insight may be applied to sensor systems of longer reach, higher spatial resolution, and better precision.

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November 28, 2018

Only 12 percent of American adults are metabolically healthy, study finds

The prevalence of metabolic health in American adults is 'alarmingly low,' even among people who are normal weight, according to a new study. Only one in eight Americans is achieving optimal metabolic health. This carries serious implications for public health since poor metabolic health leaves people more vulnerable to developing Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and other serious health issues.

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November 28, 2018

Platelets grown from stem cells may be alternative to donated platelets

Researchers have developed a way to grow human platelets in the laboratory from stem cells derived from fat tissue. The achievement suggests manufactured platelets could eventually reduce the reliance on donated platelets to help patients with cancer and other disorders.

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November 28, 2018

A golden age for particle analysis

Engineers have developed a method which allows the size and shape of nanoparticles in dispersions to be determined considerably quicker than ever before. Based on gold nanorods, they demonstrated how length and diameter distributions can be measured accurately in just one step instead of the complicated series of electron microscopic images which have been needed up until now.

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November 28, 2018

First risk genes for ADHD found

An international collaboration has for the first time identified genetic variants which increase the risk of ADHD. The new findings provide a completely new insight into the biology behind ADHD.

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November 28, 2018

A big step toward the practical application of 3D holography with high- performance computers

Computer scientists have succeeded in developing a special purpose computer that can project high-quality 3D holography as a video. With the newly developed 'phase type' HORN-8, the calculation method for adjusting the phase of light was implemented, and the researchers were successful at projecting holography information as a 3D video with high-quality images.

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November 28, 2018

Microscope measures muscle weakness

Biotechnologists have developed a system to accurately measure muscle weakness caused by structural changes in muscle tissue. The new method allows muscle function to be assessed using imaging without the need for sophisticated biomechanical recordings, and could in future even make taking tissue samples for diagnosing myopathy superfluous.

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November 28, 2018

North American checklist identifies the fungus among us

Some fungi are smelly and coated in mucus. Others have gills that glow in the dark. Some are delicious; others, poisonous. Some spur euphoria when ingested. Some produce antibiotics. All of these fungi -- and hundreds of thousands, if not millions, more -- occur in North America. Of those that are known to science, 44,488 appear in a new checklist of North American fungi.

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November 28, 2018

New study supports mammography screening at 30 for some women

A new, large-scale study of more than 5 million mammograms found that annual mammography screening beginning at age 30 may benefit women with at least one of three specific risk factors: dense breasts, a personal history of breast cancer or a family history of breast cancer.

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November 28, 2018

Cryoablation shows promise in treating low-risk breast cancers

Cryoablation -- the destruction of cancer cells through freezing -- shows early indications of effectiveness in treating women with low-risk breast cancers. Researchers said that over the four years of the study, there has only been one case of cancer recurrence out of 180 patients.

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November 28, 2018

Blue Brain Project releases first-ever digital 3D brain cell atlas

The Blue Brain Cell Atlas is like 'going from hand-drawn maps to Google Earth' -- providing previously unavailable information on major cell types, numbers and positions in all 737 brain regions. This comprehensive, interactive and dynamic online resource allows anyone to visualize every region in the mouse brain, cell-by-cell and in 3D, and freely download data for new analyses and modelling. It can also be continuously be updated with new findings.

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November 28, 2018

Scientists direct bacteria with expanded genetic code to evolve extreme heat tolerance

Synthetic bacteria with expanded genetic codes can evolve proteins in the laboratory with enhanced properties using mechanisms that might not be possible with nature's 20 amino acid building blocks. Exposing bacteria with an artificially expanded genetic code to temperatures at which they cannot normally grow, researchers found that some of the bacteria evolved new heat-resistant proteins that remain stable at temperatures where they would typically inactivate.

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November 28, 2018

Genetic mutation drives tumor regression in Tasmanian Devils

Scientists have discovered genes and other genetic variations that appear to be involved in cancerous tumors shrinking in Tasmanian devils. Their research could have important implications for treating cancer in humans and other mammals.

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November 28, 2018

Researchers regrow hair on wounded skin

By stirring crosstalk among skin cells that form the roots of hair, researchers report they have regrown hair strands on damaged skin. The findings better explain why hair does not normally grow on wounded skin, and may help in the search for better drugs to restore hair growth, say the study's authors.

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November 28, 2018

Scientists achieve direct electrocatalytic reduction of CO2, raising hopes for smart carbon capture

Chemists propose an innovative way to achieve carbon capture using a rhenium-based electrocatalytic system that is capable of reducing low-concentration CO2 (even 1 percent) with high selectivity and durability, which is a new potential technology to enable direct utilization of CO2 in exhaust gases from heavy industries.

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Tuesday, November 27, 2018

November 27, 2018

Fox News Breaking News Alert

Fox News Breaking News Alert

Republican Sen. Cindy Hyde-Smith projected to defeat Democrat Mike Espy in Mississippi runoff election

11/27/18 7:29 PM
November 27, 2018

Wriggly, giggle, puffball: What makes some words funny?

Upchuck, bubby, boff, wriggly, yaps, giggle, cooch, guffaw, puffball, and jiggly: the top 10 funniest words in the English language, according to a new study. The researchers determined that there are two main kinds of predictors of funniness in words: those related to the form of the word and those related to its meaning.

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November 27, 2018

An understudied form of child abuse and 'intimate terrorism': Parental alienation

According to Colorado State University social psychologist Jennifer Harman, about 22 million American parents have been the victims of behaviors that lead to something called parental alienation. Having researched the phenomenon for several years, Harman is urging psychological, legal and child custodial disciplines to recognize parental alienation as a form of both child abuse and intimate partner violence. Harman has authored a review article in Psychological Bulletin defining the behaviors associated with parental alienation and advocating for more research into its prevalence and outcomes.

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November 27, 2018

Keep it complex: Study shows that previous research oversimplified Schizophrenia symptoms

Negative symptoms in schizophrenia can be so disabling that they interfere with a person's ability to attend school, begin a fulfilling career, and even live independently. Scientists suggest a new way to classify the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, which may influence research and treatment in years to come.

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November 27, 2018

Botulinum toxin shows promise in trials to reduce post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF) in cardiac surgery patients

Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a common complication, affecting one quarter to one half of all patients following cardiac surgery. It can result in heart failure, stroke, and longer hospital stays, resulting in an increased cost of care. A new study reports promising results from two clinical trials using botulinum toxin (BTX) injections to suppress POAF.

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November 27, 2018

New clinical practice guidelines for venous thromboembolism

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), a term referring to blood clots in the veins, is a highly prevalent and far-reaching public health problem that can cause disability and death. Despite effective new options for prevention and treatment, VTE remains a threat underappreciated by the general public, causing up to 100,000 deaths annually in the United States alone.

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November 27, 2018

Beware of evening stress

Stressful events in the evening release less of the body's stress hormones than those that happen in the morning, suggesting possible vulnerability to stress in the evening.

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November 27, 2018

Improve hand hygiene and patient decolonization to help stem high-risk S. aureus transmission in the operating room

Adherence to proven protocols for disinfecting surgeons' hands, patients' skin, and operating room surfaces could help to halt the spread of dangerous Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) pathogens in the operating room and beyond, according to new research.

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November 27, 2018

Photonic radiation sensors survive huge doses undamaged

Researchers have published landmark test results that suggest a promising class of sensors can be used in high-radiation environments and to advance important medical, industrial and research applications.

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November 27, 2018

Computers successfully trained to identify animals in photos

Researchers trained a deep neural network to classify wildlife species using 3.37 million camera-trap images of 27 species of animals obtained from five states across the United States. The model then was tested on nearly 375,000 animal images at a rate of about 2,000 images per minute on a laptop computer, achieving 97.6 percent accuracy -- likely the highest accuracy to date in using machine learning for wildlife image classification.

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November 27, 2018

Putting hybrid-electric aircraft performance to the test

Although hybrid-electric cars are becoming commonplace, similar technology applied to airplanes comes with significantly different challenges. Aerospace engineers are addressing some of them toward the development of a more sustainable alternative to fossil fuels to power airplanes.

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November 27, 2018

Waterhemp's metabolic resistance to topramezone

Corn naturally tolerates certain herbicides, detoxifying the chemicals before they can cause harm. It's what allows farmers to spray fields with the class of herbicides known as HPPD-inhibitors, which kill weeds such as waterhemp and Palmer amaranth and leave corn unscathed. But in more and more fields, the method is failing; waterhemp isn't dying.

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November 27, 2018

Discovery opens new opportunities to slow or reverse multiple sclerosis

Nerve cells stripped of their insulation can no longer carry vital information, leading to the numbness, weakness and vision problems often associated with multiple sclerosis. A new study shows an overlooked source may be able to replace that lost insulation and provide a new way to treat diseases like MS.

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November 27, 2018

NASA Hears MarCO CubeSats Loud and Clear from Mars

NASA's MarCO mission was built to see whether two experimental, briefcase-sized spacecraft could survive the trip to deep space, and the two CubeSats proved more than able. After cruising along behind NASA's InSight for seven months, they successfully relayed data back down to Earth from the lander during its descent to the Martian surface on Monday, Nov. 26.

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November 27, 2018

Microplastics pollution in Falklands as high as UK

The first study to investigate microplastics around Ascension Island and the Falkland Islands -- two of the most remote locations in the South Atlantic Ocean -- has found levels of contamination comparable with the waters around the UK.

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November 27, 2018

Researchers restore breathing, partial forelimb function in rats with spinal cord injuries

Millions of people worldwide are living with chronic spinal cord injuries, with 250,000 to 500,000 new cases each year -- most from vehicle crashes or falls. The most severe spinal cord injuries completely paralyze their victims and more than half impair a person's ability to breathe. Now, a breakthrough study has demonstrated, in animal models of chronic injury, that long-term, devastating effects of spinal cord trauma on breathing and limb function may be reversible.

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November 27, 2018

Mapping of cells in the early human placenta may shed light on problem pregnancies

Scientists have made the first comprehensive inventory of cells present in the human placenta of the first trimester, a stage when many pregnancy complications are thought to arise. The findings could give new fuel for research on conditions such as preeclampsia and pre-term birth.

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November 27, 2018

Largest study of CRISPR-Cas9 mutations creates prediction tool for gene editing

The largest study of CRISPR action to date has developed a method to predict the exact mutations CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing can introduce to a cell. Researchers edited 40,000 different pieces of DNA and analyzed a thousand million resulting DNA sequences to develop the machine learning predictive tool. The new resource will help make CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing more reliable, cheaper and more efficient.

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November 27, 2018

How water fleas detect predators

Water fleas of the genus Daphnia detect via chemical substances if their predators, namely Chaoborus larvae, are hunting in their vicinity. If so, they generate defenses that make them more difficult to consume. The signalling molecules that enable detection have been identified by biologists and chemists. It is a cocktail of substances that occurs during digestive processes of Chaoborus larvae.

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November 27, 2018

How antibiotics help spread resistance

Bacteria can become insensitive to antibiotics by picking up resistance genes from the environment. Unfortunately for patients, the stress response induced by antibiotics activates competence, the ability of cells to take up and integrate foreign DNA, in microorganisms. Microbiologists now describe a new mechanism by which Streptococcus pneumoniae can become competent, and why biofilms may be important in this process.

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November 27, 2018

Stigma impairs cognition in men living with HIV

A new study has drawn a direct link between the amount of stigma men with HIV report experiencing and their scores on cognitive tests, measuring abilities such as memory and attention.

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November 27, 2018

Lack of sleep intensifies anger, impairs adaptation to frustrating circumstances

Losing just a couple hours of sleep at night makes you angrier, especially in frustrating situations, according to new research. While the results may seem intuitive, the study is one of the first to provide evidence that sleep loss causes anger. The research also provides new insight on our ability to adjust to irritating conditions when tired.

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